docs/bib-ref2: text.roff annotate

annotate text.roff @ 23:a682d4046c6b

text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA

author	markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
date	Wed, 05 Mar 2014 12:47:52 +0100
parents	0b11b114f270
children	c7835648dc17

rev	line source
0 debf9b807f5f initial commit markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: diff changeset	1 .RN 1
debf9b807f5f initial commit markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: diff changeset	2 .bp
debf9b807f5f initial commit markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: diff changeset	3
debf9b807f5f initial commit markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: diff changeset	4
22 0b11b114f270 text: comments markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 20 diff changeset	5 .ig
0b11b114f270 text: comments markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 20 diff changeset	6 ----------------- TODO ----------------
0b11b114f270 text: comments markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 20 diff changeset	7
0b11b114f270 text: comments markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 20 diff changeset	8 reihenfolge: FCW und OA
0b11b114f270 text: comments markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 20 diff changeset	9
0b11b114f270 text: comments markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 20 diff changeset	10
0b11b114f270 text: comments markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 20 diff changeset	11 ..
0b11b114f270 text: comments markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 20 diff changeset	12
0b11b114f270 text: comments markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 20 diff changeset	13
0 debf9b807f5f initial commit markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: diff changeset	14 .\"###################################################################
debf9b807f5f initial commit markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: diff changeset	15 .H0 "Einführung
debf9b807f5f initial commit markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: diff changeset	16 .P
12 8578a6d4ed94 text: more text and a figure markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 11 diff changeset	17 Diese Arbeit vergleicht das Konzept
8578a6d4ed94 text: more text and a figure markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 11 diff changeset	18 .I "Open Access
8578a6d4ed94 text: more text and a figure markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 11 diff changeset	19 mit dem Konzept
8578a6d4ed94 text: more text and a figure markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 11 diff changeset	20 .I "Freie Software" .
8578a6d4ed94 text: more text and a figure markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 11 diff changeset	21 Ihr Ziel ist es, Parallelen und Unterschiede aufzuzeigen. Da die
8578a6d4ed94 text: more text and a figure markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 11 diff changeset	22 Freie Software bereits seit den 80ern als Konzept etabliert ist,
8578a6d4ed94 text: more text and a figure markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 11 diff changeset	23 der Open Access aber erst zwanzig Jahre spaeter aufkam, koennen,
8578a6d4ed94 text: more text and a figure markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 11 diff changeset	24 so die Vermutung, aktuelle und zukuenftige Entwicklungen beim Open
8578a6d4ed94 text: more text and a figure markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 11 diff changeset	25 Access nachvollzogen oder sogar vorweg erahnt werden, wenn man sich
8578a6d4ed94 text: more text and a figure markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 11 diff changeset	26 anschaut, wie sich die Freie Software bislang entwickelt hat.
8578a6d4ed94 text: more text and a figure markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 11 diff changeset	27 .P
8578a6d4ed94 text: more text and a figure markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 11 diff changeset	28 Mancher Leser mag im Titel eher den Begriff
8578a6d4ed94 text: more text and a figure markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 11 diff changeset	29 .I "Open Source
8578a6d4ed94 text: more text and a figure markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 11 diff changeset	30 denn
8578a6d4ed94 text: more text and a figure markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 11 diff changeset	31 .I "Freie Software
8578a6d4ed94 text: more text and a figure markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 11 diff changeset	32 erwartet haben, wenn auch nur der Begriffsanalogie wegen.
8578a6d4ed94 text: more text and a figure markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 11 diff changeset	33 Jedoch sind die
6 b8f572083291 some first text snippets markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 3 diff changeset	34 .I "Freie Software
b8f572083291 some first text snippets markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 3 diff changeset	35 und
b8f572083291 some first text snippets markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 3 diff changeset	36 .I "Open Source
12 8578a6d4ed94 text: more text and a figure markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 11 diff changeset	37 zwei Konzepte, die nicht so austauschbar sind, wie sie erscheinen
8578a6d4ed94 text: more text and a figure markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 11 diff changeset	38 moegen. Es ist durchaus Absicht, dass mit dem Begriff
8578a6d4ed94 text: more text and a figure markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 11 diff changeset	39 .I "Freie Software" ,
8578a6d4ed94 text: more text and a figure markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 11 diff changeset	40 der eine andere Zielrichtung hat als
8578a6d4ed94 text: more text and a figure markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 11 diff changeset	41 .I "Open Source" ,
8578a6d4ed94 text: more text and a figure markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 11 diff changeset	42 das Spektrum der Konzepte um eine Dimension erweitert wurde, die
8578a6d4ed94 text: more text and a figure markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 11 diff changeset	43 andernfalls unter der Tisch gefallen waere.
8578a6d4ed94 text: more text and a figure markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 11 diff changeset	44
9 3f9625b09734 new structure markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 7 diff changeset	45
6 b8f572083291 some first text snippets markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 3 diff changeset	46
7 66d13f95b685 text: added notes/todos markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 6 diff changeset	47
17 961b77921682 text: more markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 16 diff changeset	48 .\"###################################################################
15 63e649c2279f text: rearrangement of the text structure markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 14 diff changeset	49 .H0 "Vier Konzepte
14 6f75c073122b text: wrote about free software markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 13 diff changeset	50 .P
20 11ebc8bd3a3e text: rearrangements markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 17 diff changeset	51 Diese Arbeit betrachtet vier insgesamt vier Konzepte, die jeweils
11ebc8bd3a3e text: rearrangements markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 17 diff changeset	52 unterschiedliche Auspraegungen eines aehnlichen Gedankens sind,
11ebc8bd3a3e text: rearrangements markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 17 diff changeset	53 sich aber teilweise auch stark unterscheiden.
14 6f75c073122b text: wrote about free software markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 13 diff changeset	54 Um Konzepte und Bewegungen zu verstehen muss man sich ihre
20 11ebc8bd3a3e text: rearrangements markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 17 diff changeset	55 Entstehungsgeschichte und ihre Struktur anschauen. Dies ist der
11ebc8bd3a3e text: rearrangements markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 17 diff changeset	56 Inhalt dieses Abschnittes.
17 961b77921682 text: more markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 16 diff changeset	57
23 a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	58 .ig
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	59 Ausgangsbasis, Zeit, Situation, Hintergruende
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	60 Motivation, Zweck, Zielrichtung
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	61 Akteure, Beteiligte, Wer fuer wen.
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	62 Zentrale Personen
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	63 ..
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	64
17 961b77921682 text: more markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 16 diff changeset	65
14 6f75c073122b text: wrote about free software markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 13 diff changeset	66 .U1 "Freie Software
6f75c073122b text: wrote about free software markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 13 diff changeset	67 .P
20 11ebc8bd3a3e text: rearrangements markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 17 diff changeset	68 Die Freie Software (FS)
11ebc8bd3a3e text: rearrangements markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 17 diff changeset	69 ist in erster Linie eine ethische und politische Bewegung, bei der die
11ebc8bd3a3e text: rearrangements markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 17 diff changeset	70 .I Rechte
11ebc8bd3a3e text: rearrangements markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 17 diff changeset	71 der Menschen im Mittelpunkt stehen. Das wiederkehrende Bild ist
11ebc8bd3a3e text: rearrangements markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 17 diff changeset	72 der Wunsch seinem Nachbarn etwas Gutes tun zu wollen. Dies soll
11ebc8bd3a3e text: rearrangements markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 17 diff changeset	73 ermoeglicht werden. Deshalb soll Software frei sein.
11ebc8bd3a3e text: rearrangements markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 17 diff changeset	74 .P
16 c95bd813ebb4 text: more about FS and OS markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 15 diff changeset	75 Die Freie Software entstand in den 80er Jahren. Bis in die 70er Jahre
c95bd813ebb4 text: more about FS and OS markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 15 diff changeset	76 war alle Software ``frei''. Software ist damals eine Beigabe zur
c95bd813ebb4 text: more about FS and OS markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 15 diff changeset	77 Hardware. Beides war gekoppelt, d.h. ein Programm lief nur auf der
c95bd813ebb4 text: more about FS and OS markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 15 diff changeset	78 Maschine fuer die es (meist vom Hersteller selbst) geschrieben worden
c95bd813ebb4 text: more about FS and OS markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 15 diff changeset	79 ist.
c95bd813ebb4 text: more about FS and OS markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 15 diff changeset	80 Mit dem Beginn der 80er Jahre beginnen Unternehmen in Software
14 6f75c073122b text: wrote about free software markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 13 diff changeset	81 eine Ware zu sehen, mit der man Geld verdienen kann. Statt sie, wie
16 c95bd813ebb4 text: more about FS and OS markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 15 diff changeset	82 zuvor, kostenlos mit samt dem Quellcode zur Hardware beizulegen,
c95bd813ebb4 text: more about FS and OS markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 15 diff changeset	83 werden die Programme immer haeufiger verkauft und der Quellcode
c95bd813ebb4 text: more about FS and OS markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 15 diff changeset	84 geheim gehalten. Auch tauchen Non-Disclosure Agreements (NDAs) auf, die
c95bd813ebb4 text: more about FS and OS markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 15 diff changeset	85 es den Entwicklern untersagen Informationen ueber den Quellcode
14 6f75c073122b text: wrote about free software markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 13 diff changeset	86 weiterzugeben.
6f75c073122b text: wrote about free software markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 13 diff changeset	87 .P
16 c95bd813ebb4 text: more about FS and OS markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 15 diff changeset	88 Die Freie Software entsteht als Gegenbewegung, wobei sie jedoch
c95bd813ebb4 text: more about FS and OS markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 15 diff changeset	89 nicht den bisherigen Zustand abschaffen will, sondern ihn
c95bd813ebb4 text: more about FS and OS markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 15 diff changeset	90 beibehalten will. Der freie Austausch von Software in
c95bd813ebb4 text: more about FS and OS markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 15 diff changeset	91 Quellcodeform soll erhalten bleiben. Die Freie Software ist demnach
14 6f75c073122b text: wrote about free software markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 13 diff changeset	92 in ihrem Kern ein bewahrender Ansatz. Er stellt sich den neu
6f75c073122b text: wrote about free software markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 13 diff changeset	93 aufkommenden Entwicklungen der damaligen Zeit, die heute zum
6f75c073122b text: wrote about free software markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 13 diff changeset	94 Normalfall geworden sind, entgegen.
6f75c073122b text: wrote about free software markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 13 diff changeset	95 .P
16 c95bd813ebb4 text: more about FS and OS markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 15 diff changeset	96 Wenn auch diese Denkweise in Programmiererkreisen weit verbreitet
c95bd813ebb4 text: more about FS and OS markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 15 diff changeset	97 ist, so ist es Richard M. Stallman, der fast im Alleingang eine
c95bd813ebb4 text: more about FS and OS markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 15 diff changeset	98 aktive Bewegung daraus macht. Sie manifestiert sich insbesondere
c95bd813ebb4 text: more about FS and OS markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 15 diff changeset	99 in der Gruendung der Free Software Foundation, dem Start des
c95bd813ebb4 text: more about FS and OS markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 15 diff changeset	100 GNU-Projekts (1983) und dem Verfassen der General Public License
c95bd813ebb4 text: more about FS and OS markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 15 diff changeset	101 (1989), die alle von Stallman initiiert und vorangetrieben wurden.
c95bd813ebb4 text: more about FS and OS markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 15 diff changeset	102 .P
c95bd813ebb4 text: more about FS and OS markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 15 diff changeset	103 Die Kultur des freien Austausches von Information und Software
c95bd813ebb4 text: more about FS and OS markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 15 diff changeset	104 entstammt hauptsaechlich des universitaeren Umfeldes. Stallman
c95bd813ebb4 text: more about FS and OS markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 15 diff changeset	105 selbst war am MIT verwurzelt. Aber auch an der Westkueste der USA,
c95bd813ebb4 text: more about FS and OS markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 15 diff changeset	106 an der University of California gibt es aehnliche Kulturen.
c95bd813ebb4 text: more about FS and OS markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 15 diff changeset	107 Waehrend Stallman aber ganz klar auf den ethischen Fokus der
c95bd813ebb4 text: more about FS and OS markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 15 diff changeset	108 Freien Software abzielt und damit eine politische Ausrichtung
c95bd813ebb4 text: more about FS and OS markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 15 diff changeset	109 waehlt, so sieht man es in Californien weniger militant.
c95bd813ebb4 text: more about FS and OS markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 15 diff changeset	110 Dies aeussert sich in den gewaehlten Lizenzen: Stallman entwickelt
c95bd813ebb4 text: more about FS and OS markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 15 diff changeset	111 mit der GPL eine sogenannte Copyleft-Lizenz, welche erzwingt, dass
c95bd813ebb4 text: more about FS and OS markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 15 diff changeset	112 jedes abgeleitete Werk wiederum unter der gleichen Lizenz stehen
c95bd813ebb4 text: more about FS and OS markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 15 diff changeset	113 muss. Damit wird verhindert, dass ein Stueck GPL-lizenzierter Code
c95bd813ebb4 text: more about FS and OS markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 15 diff changeset	114 jemals auf eine Weise genutzt wird, die nicht jedermann gleichfalls
c95bd813ebb4 text: more about FS and OS markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 15 diff changeset	115 zur Verfuegung steht. Die BSD-Lizenz aus Californien hat diesen
c95bd813ebb4 text: more about FS and OS markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 15 diff changeset	116 Zwang nicht. Sie stellt den Code jedermann zur Verfuegung und
c95bd813ebb4 text: more about FS and OS markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 15 diff changeset	117 erlaubt es auch ihn in proprietaere Werke einfliessen zu lassen.
c95bd813ebb4 text: more about FS and OS markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 15 diff changeset	118 .P
c95bd813ebb4 text: more about FS and OS markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 15 diff changeset	119 Die Grundmotivation der Freien Software ist die ethische Einsicht,
c95bd813ebb4 text: more about FS and OS markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 15 diff changeset	120 dass Software keine Ware sein solle, die jemandem gehoert, sondern
c95bd813ebb4 text: more about FS and OS markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 15 diff changeset	121 freies Wissen, das allen zur Verfuegung steht. Die Analogie sind
c95bd813ebb4 text: more about FS and OS markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 15 diff changeset	122 hierbei Kochrezepte, die weitergegeben, nachgekocht und veraendert
c95bd813ebb4 text: more about FS and OS markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 15 diff changeset	123 werden.
14 6f75c073122b text: wrote about free software markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 13 diff changeset	124
11 3f54e1e82c80 text: more rearrangements markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 9 diff changeset	125
15 63e649c2279f text: rearrangement of the text structure markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 14 diff changeset	126 .U1 "Open Source
63e649c2279f text: rearrangement of the text structure markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 14 diff changeset	127 .P
20 11ebc8bd3a3e text: rearrangements markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 17 diff changeset	128 Open Source (OS),
11ebc8bd3a3e text: rearrangements markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 17 diff changeset	129 dagegen, wertschaetzt vor allem die verbesserten Moeglichkeiten,
11ebc8bd3a3e text: rearrangements markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 17 diff changeset	130 die einem offen stehen, wenn der Quellcode von Software zur Verfuegung
11ebc8bd3a3e text: rearrangements markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 17 diff changeset	131 steht und dieser kopiert, veraendert, erweitert, verbreitet und
11ebc8bd3a3e text: rearrangements markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 17 diff changeset	132 aehnliches werden darf. Die Grundmotivation ist ein Pragmatismus.
11ebc8bd3a3e text: rearrangements markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 17 diff changeset	133 .P
16 c95bd813ebb4 text: more about FS and OS markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 15 diff changeset	134 Mitte der 90er Jahre nachdem Linux, der Kernel, verfuegbar war,
c95bd813ebb4 text: more about FS and OS markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 15 diff changeset	135 als das Web sich verbreitete und Netscape im Browserkampf gegen
c95bd813ebb4 text: more about FS and OS markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 15 diff changeset	136 Microsoft zu verlieren begann, sahen immer mehr der Freie
c95bd813ebb4 text: more about FS and OS markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 15 diff changeset	137 Software-Befuerworter Probleme an dem Begriff und an seiner
c95bd813ebb4 text: more about FS and OS markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 15 diff changeset	138 Ausrichtung. Zum einen war das Wort ``frei'' (im Englischen wie im
c95bd813ebb4 text: more about FS and OS markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 15 diff changeset	139 Deutschen) zweideutig. Auch der omnipraesente Slogan ``Free as
c95bd813ebb4 text: more about FS and OS markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 15 diff changeset	140 in Free Speech, not as in Free Beer'' loeste das Problem nicht.
c95bd813ebb4 text: more about FS and OS markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 15 diff changeset	141 Zum anderen, und das war der bedeutendere Grund, wollte die
c95bd813ebb4 text: more about FS and OS markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 15 diff changeset	142 Wirtschaft nicht auf das Konzept aufspringen. Wenn auch die
c95bd813ebb4 text: more about FS and OS markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 15 diff changeset	143 Freie Software nie gegen eine kommerzielle Verwertung war, so
c95bd813ebb4 text: more about FS and OS markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 15 diff changeset	144 wurde sie doch so wahrgenommen. Das Image passte nicht, auch
c95bd813ebb4 text: more about FS and OS markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 15 diff changeset	145 gerade wegen der Zweideutigkeit des Wortes ``frei''. In dem
c95bd813ebb4 text: more about FS and OS markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 15 diff changeset	146 Bestreben die Freie Software auch in die traditionellen Softwarefirmen
c95bd813ebb4 text: more about FS and OS markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 15 diff changeset	147 zu bekommen, traf sich XXXX eine Gruppe von Freie
c95bd813ebb4 text: more about FS and OS markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 15 diff changeset	148 Software-Vertretern um einen neuen, wirtschaftsfreundlicheren
c95bd813ebb4 text: more about FS and OS markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 15 diff changeset	149 Begriff zu finden. Heraus kam ``Open Source''.
c95bd813ebb4 text: more about FS and OS markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 15 diff changeset	150 .P
c95bd813ebb4 text: more about FS and OS markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 15 diff changeset	151 Stallman war zu diesem Treffen nicht eingeladen, da er als zu
c95bd813ebb4 text: more about FS and OS markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 15 diff changeset	152 starrkoepfig und nicht kompromissbereit galt. Das Ziel der
c95bd813ebb4 text: more about FS and OS markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 15 diff changeset	153 Beteiligten war auch gerade weg von der moralischen und
c95bd813ebb4 text: more about FS and OS markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 15 diff changeset	154 politischen Ausrichtung der Freien Software zu kommen, die
c95bd813ebb4 text: more about FS and OS markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 15 diff changeset	155 Stallman so zentral war. Mit der pragmatischen, unpolitischen
c95bd813ebb4 text: more about FS and OS markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 15 diff changeset	156 Ausrichtung des Open Source und der Ausgrenzung von Stallman
c95bd813ebb4 text: more about FS and OS markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 15 diff changeset	157 spaltete sich die Gemeinschaft aber auch teilweise. Die eine
c95bd813ebb4 text: more about FS and OS markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 15 diff changeset	158 Gruppe hielt weiterhin am Begriff ``Freie Software'' fest und
c95bd813ebb4 text: more about FS and OS markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 15 diff changeset	159 stand fuer die ethischen Ziele ein; die andere Gruppe nannte es
c95bd813ebb4 text: more about FS and OS markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 15 diff changeset	160 ``Open Source'' und legte auf die technischen Aspekte wert.
c95bd813ebb4 text: more about FS and OS markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 15 diff changeset	161 Die Unterscheidung war und ist noch immer nur in der Motivation
c95bd813ebb4 text: more about FS and OS markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 15 diff changeset	162 der Beteiligten vorhanden, nicht aber in ihrer Arbeit. Die
c95bd813ebb4 text: more about FS and OS markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 15 diff changeset	163 Kooperation und der Austausch brach nie ab.
c95bd813ebb4 text: more about FS and OS markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 15 diff changeset	164 .P
c95bd813ebb4 text: more about FS and OS markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 15 diff changeset	165 Waehrend Stallman und seine selbstgegruendeten Organisationen als
c95bd813ebb4 text: more about FS and OS markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 15 diff changeset	166 zentrale Instanzen fuer die Freie Software stehen,
c95bd813ebb4 text: more about FS and OS markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 15 diff changeset	167 so hat der Open Source mehrere zentrale Instanzen. Das
c95bd813ebb4 text: more about FS and OS markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 15 diff changeset	168 sind neben Linus Torvalds, der den Kernel entwickelt hat, und Eric S.
c95bd813ebb4 text: more about FS and OS markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 15 diff changeset	169 Raymond, der als Evangelist der Bewegung gilt, auch viele
c95bd813ebb4 text: more about FS and OS markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 15 diff changeset	170 Firmen, wie IBM und Redhat, die inzwischen selbst dafuer
17 961b77921682 text: more markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 16 diff changeset	171 einstehen. Analog zur FSF wurde aber XXXX auch eine Open Source
961b77921682 text: more markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 16 diff changeset	172 Initiative gegruendet.
16 c95bd813ebb4 text: more about FS and OS markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 15 diff changeset	173 .P
c95bd813ebb4 text: more about FS and OS markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 15 diff changeset	174 Die Grundmotivation fuer Open Source ist die Ansicht, dass dieses
c95bd813ebb4 text: more about FS and OS markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 15 diff changeset	175 Entwicklungsmodell zu besserer Software fuehrt. Durch die freie
c95bd813ebb4 text: more about FS and OS markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 15 diff changeset	176 Verfuegbarkeit von Komponenten sowie durch offene Dokumentation und
c95bd813ebb4 text: more about FS and OS markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 15 diff changeset	177 Code wuerden Entwickler schneller und besser arbeiten koennen. Die
c95bd813ebb4 text: more about FS and OS markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 15 diff changeset	178 Mitarbeit von Interessierten wuerde gefoerdert werden. Die
c95bd813ebb4 text: more about FS and OS markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 15 diff changeset	179 relevanten Nutzerwuensche wuerde schneller umgesetzt werden.
c95bd813ebb4 text: more about FS and OS markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 15 diff changeset	180 Angepasste Versionen wuerde einfacher entstehen. Die Ergebnisse
c95bd813ebb4 text: more about FS and OS markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 15 diff changeset	181 wuerden sich schneller verbreiten. Fehler und Sicherheitsluecken
c95bd813ebb4 text: more about FS and OS markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 15 diff changeset	182 wuerden durch die freie Einsichtnahme in den Code schneller
c95bd813ebb4 text: more about FS and OS markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 15 diff changeset	183 gefunden und behoben werden.
c95bd813ebb4 text: more about FS and OS markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 15 diff changeset	184
c95bd813ebb4 text: more about FS and OS markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 15 diff changeset	185
c95bd813ebb4 text: more about FS and OS markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 15 diff changeset	186
15 63e649c2279f text: rearrangement of the text structure markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 14 diff changeset	187
23 a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	188 .U1 "Free Cultural Works
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	189 .P
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	190 Free Cultural Works (FCW)
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	191 koennte man als vierte, noch fehlende Ausrichtung
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	192 aufnehmen. Dort steht die Gemeinschaft und deren Allmende im
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	193 Zentrum. Werke sollen der Gemeinschaft gehoeren, nicht einzelnen
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	194 Individuen. Ziel ist es, eine moeglichst grosse Allmende
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	195 aufzubauen um so eine lebendige Kultur zu foerdern.
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	196 .P
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	197 Das vierte, noch fehlende Konzept, das die ethische Ausrichtung
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	198 der Freien Software mit der Werkart des Open Access kombiniert,
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	199 sind die Free Cultural Works. Im Gegensatz zu den anderen drei
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	200 Konzepten sind sie weit weniger bekannt. Sie sind aber sowohl
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	201 gezielt ausgerichtet als auch klar definiert, zudem verweist
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	202 Creative Commons in manchen ihrer Lizenzen darauf. Damit sind sie
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	203 ein guter Stellvertreter dieses Konzeptes.
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	204 In dieser Arbeit sollen sie nur eine Ergaenzung der anderen
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	205 Konzepte darstellen um die Konzeptlandschaft angemessen zu
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	206 fuellen.
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	207 .P
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	208 FCW stellen das Gegenstueck zur Freien Software fuer
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	209 sonstige Werkarten dar.
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	210 Sie wurden XXX von XXX ins Leben gerufen. Seit XXX sind sie
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	211 bei den Creative Commons-Lizenzen genannt.
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	212 Ihr vermutlich groesster Nutzen liegt genau dort: Die Creative
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	213 Commons-Lizenzen, die ein breites Spektrum an Freiheiten bieten
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	214 oder nicht bieten angemessen zu klassifizieren. Drei der sechs
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	215 Lizenztypen werden naemlich als Erzeuger von FCW angesehen, die
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	216 anderen drei nicht. Ein Bewusstsein fuer diese Differenzierung zu
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	217 schaffen, das scheint das Ziel der FCW zu sein. Wie auch bei der
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	218 Freien Software steht FCW nicht gegen die kommerzielle Verwertung,
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	219 wohl aber gegen das Eigentum von kulturellen Werken.
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	220 .P
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	221 Es scheinen keine bestimmten Personen oder Institutionen hinter
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	222 FCW zu stehen. Die Hauptmotivation scheint es zu sein, die
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	223 Bedeutung freier kultureller Werke zu vermitteln.
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	224
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	225
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	226
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	227
15 63e649c2279f text: rearrangement of the text structure markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 14 diff changeset	228 .U1 "Open Access
63e649c2279f text: rearrangement of the text structure markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 14 diff changeset	229 .P
20 11ebc8bd3a3e text: rearrangements markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 17 diff changeset	230 Open Access (OA)
11ebc8bd3a3e text: rearrangements markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 17 diff changeset	231 hat im Kern das Streben nach dem Zugang zu Information. Es geht
11ebc8bd3a3e text: rearrangements markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 17 diff changeset	232 darum das Wissen aufnehmen und sich darauf berufen zu koennen. Die
11ebc8bd3a3e text: rearrangements markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 17 diff changeset	233 Wissenschaft soll nicht von dem von ihr selbst erzeugten Wissen
11ebc8bd3a3e text: rearrangements markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 17 diff changeset	234 ausgeschlossen werden.
11ebc8bd3a3e text: rearrangements markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 17 diff changeset	235 .P
17 961b77921682 text: more markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 16 diff changeset	236 Open Access ist ein Konzept des wissenschaftlichen
961b77921682 text: more markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 16 diff changeset	237 Publikationswesens. Es entstand, in seiner jetzigen Auspraegung,
961b77921682 text: more markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 16 diff changeset	238 als Folge der Zeitschriftenkrise Mitte der 0er Jahre (XXX). Sein
961b77921682 text: more markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 16 diff changeset	239 Aufkommen geht v.a. auf die STM-Wissenschaften zurueck, da dort
961b77921682 text: more markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 16 diff changeset	240 die Zeitschriften den Hauptpublikationsweg darstellen. Open Access
961b77921682 text: more markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 16 diff changeset	241 ist die Reaktion auf immer teurer werdende Zeitschriftenabonnements,
961b77921682 text: more markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 16 diff changeset	242 die zunehmend groesseren Teilen der Wissenschaftswelt den Zugang
961b77921682 text: more markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 16 diff changeset	243 zum publizierten Wissen verhindern, in Verbindung mit der
961b77921682 text: more markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 16 diff changeset	244 Unzufriedenheit der Autoren ueber die zumeist exklusiv abzutretende
961b77921682 text: more markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 16 diff changeset	245 Rechte an ihren Werken. Und damit in Verbindung steht die Frage
961b77921682 text: more markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 16 diff changeset	246 nach der Notwendigkeit von Verlagen, wo das Web mit Repositorien
961b77921682 text: more markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 16 diff changeset	247 aehnliche Verbreitungsmoeglichkeiten, ohne Rechteabtritt und fast
961b77921682 text: more markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 16 diff changeset	248 kostenlos bietet.
961b77921682 text: more markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 16 diff changeset	249 .P
961b77921682 text: more markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 16 diff changeset	250 Im Gegensatz zur Entstehung der Freien Software, wo der Status Quo
961b77921682 text: more markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 16 diff changeset	251 beibehalten werden sollte, geht es beim Open Access darum eine
961b77921682 text: more markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 16 diff changeset	252 Neuordnung der Situation zu erreichen. Diese Neuordnung wurde
961b77921682 text: more markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 16 diff changeset	253 durch das Web ermoeglicht. Wo die Freie Software von einer
961b77921682 text: more markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 16 diff changeset	254 einzelnen Person, Richard Stallman, voran getrieben wurde, gibt es
961b77921682 text: more markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 16 diff changeset	255 beim Open Access eine Menge von heterogenen Akteuren. So gibt es
961b77921682 text: more markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 16 diff changeset	256 auch nicht eine einzige Definition des Begriffs, sondern mehrere
961b77921682 text: more markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 16 diff changeset	257 explizitere und viele implizite. Fuer die Freie Software und fuer
961b77921682 text: more markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 16 diff changeset	258 Open Source gibt es jeweils anerkannte Definitionen und
961b77921682 text: more markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 16 diff changeset	259 Vereinigungen, dies ist beim Open Access nicht der Fall.
961b77921682 text: more markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 16 diff changeset	260 .P
961b77921682 text: more markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 16 diff changeset	261 Die zwei etablierten Ansaetze \(en Gruener und Goldener Weg \(en
961b77921682 text: more markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 16 diff changeset	262 bringen keine Klaerung des Konzeptes Open Access. Sie beschreiben
961b77921682 text: more markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 16 diff changeset	263 nur Umsetzungen des Konzeptes: finanzielle Aspekte und den Ort der
961b77921682 text: more markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 16 diff changeset	264 Veroeffentlichung. Fuer das Konzept selbst sind sie unerheblich.
961b77921682 text: more markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 16 diff changeset	265 .P
961b77921682 text: more markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 16 diff changeset	266 Open Access entspricht insofern der Ausrichtung des Open Source da
961b77921682 text: more markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 16 diff changeset	267 es auch darin primaer um pragmatische Aspekte geht. Der Wunsch der
961b77921682 text: more markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 16 diff changeset	268 Wissenschaftler ist es, schnell, einfach und kostenlos auf
961b77921682 text: more markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 16 diff changeset	269 wissenschaftliche Erkenntnisse zugreifen zu koennen, die konkrete
961b77921682 text: more markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 16 diff changeset	270 Rechtesituation oder gar der ethische Aspekt freien Wissens
961b77921682 text: more markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 16 diff changeset	271 scheinen im Hintergrund zu stehen. Bei Open Source scheint jedoch
961b77921682 text: more markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 16 diff changeset	272 ein deutlich staerkeres Bewusstsein fuer eine klare Definition,
961b77921682 text: more markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 16 diff changeset	273 Rechtslage und Einheitlichkeit vorhanden zu sein, als beim Open
961b77921682 text: more markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 16 diff changeset	274 Access. Dies liegt wohl zum einen am Charakter der
961b77921682 text: more markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 16 diff changeset	275 Programmierarbeit, die auf genauen Definitionen basiert, zum
961b77921682 text: more markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 16 diff changeset	276 anderen aber wohl auch an ihrer Geburt aus der Freien Software,
961b77921682 text: more markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 16 diff changeset	277 die eine klaere Rechtslage als eine Kernaufgabe sieht.
15 63e649c2279f text: rearrangement of the text structure markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 14 diff changeset	278 .P
63e649c2279f text: rearrangement of the text structure markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 14 diff changeset	279
63e649c2279f text: rearrangement of the text structure markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 14 diff changeset	280
63e649c2279f text: rearrangement of the text structure markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 14 diff changeset	281
20 11ebc8bd3a3e text: rearrangements markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 17 diff changeset	282 .KS
11ebc8bd3a3e text: rearrangements markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 17 diff changeset	283 .in 2c
11ebc8bd3a3e text: rearrangements markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 17 diff changeset	284 .PS 3.5
11ebc8bd3a3e text: rearrangements markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 17 diff changeset	285 boxht = boxht * .9
11ebc8bd3a3e text: rearrangements markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 17 diff changeset	286 right
11ebc8bd3a3e text: rearrangements markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 17 diff changeset	287 S: box invis "" ht .4
11ebc8bd3a3e text: rearrangements markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 17 diff changeset	288 PO: box invis "politisch" ht .4
11ebc8bd3a3e text: rearrangements markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 17 diff changeset	289 PR: box invis "pragmatisch" ht .4
11ebc8bd3a3e text: rearrangements markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 17 diff changeset	290 down
11ebc8bd3a3e text: rearrangements markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 17 diff changeset	291 SW: box invis "Software" with .n at S.s
11ebc8bd3a3e text: rearrangements markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 17 diff changeset	292 TX: box invis "Texte, etc"
11ebc8bd3a3e text: rearrangements markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 17 diff changeset	293 right
11ebc8bd3a3e text: rearrangements markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 17 diff changeset	294 box "Freie" "Software" with .w at SW.e
11ebc8bd3a3e text: rearrangements markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 17 diff changeset	295 box "Open" "Source"
11ebc8bd3a3e text: rearrangements markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 17 diff changeset	296 box "Free Cultural" "Works" with .w at TX.e
11ebc8bd3a3e text: rearrangements markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 17 diff changeset	297 box "Open" "Access"
11ebc8bd3a3e text: rearrangements markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 17 diff changeset	298 .PE
11ebc8bd3a3e text: rearrangements markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 17 diff changeset	299 .in
11ebc8bd3a3e text: rearrangements markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 17 diff changeset	300 .sp .5
11ebc8bd3a3e text: rearrangements markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 17 diff changeset	301 .ce
22 0b11b114f270 text: comments markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 20 diff changeset	302 .I "Abb.\^1: Ausrichtung der Konzepte
20 11ebc8bd3a3e text: rearrangements markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 17 diff changeset	303 .KE
9 3f9625b09734 new structure markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 7 diff changeset	304
15 63e649c2279f text: rearrangement of the text structure markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 14 diff changeset	305
17 961b77921682 text: more markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 16 diff changeset	306 .\"###################################################################
15 63e649c2279f text: rearrangement of the text structure markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 14 diff changeset	307 .H0 "Definitionen und Realisierungen
7 66d13f95b685 text: added notes/todos markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 6 diff changeset	308 .P
22 0b11b114f270 text: comments markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 20 diff changeset	309 Dieser Abschnitt vergleicht die Definitionen, die es fuer die
23 a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	310 verschiedenen Konzepte gibt. Daneben werden typische Lizenzen als
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	311 die Umsetzungen der Definitionen vorgestellt.
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	312
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	313 (XXX In diesem Abschnitt liegt der Fokus
22 0b11b114f270 text: comments markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 20 diff changeset	314 auf den Auswirkungen und Bedeutungen im Bezug auf das
23 a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	315 Urheberrecht.)
22 0b11b114f270 text: comments markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 20 diff changeset	316
0b11b114f270 text: comments markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 20 diff changeset	317
0b11b114f270 text: comments markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 20 diff changeset	318
17 961b77921682 text: more markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 16 diff changeset	319 .U1 "Freie Software
961b77921682 text: more markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 16 diff changeset	320 .P
23 a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	321 Fuer Freie Software gibt es eine Definition der Free Software
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	322 Foundation, die vier Freiheiten umfasst. Sind diese gegeben, dann
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	323 wird die Software als frei angesehen:
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	324 .BU
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	325 Freiheit 0:
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	326 Das Programm zu jedem Zweck auszuführen.
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	327 .BU
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	328 Freiheit 1:
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	329 Das Programm zu untersuchen und zu verändern.
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	330 .BU
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	331 Freiheit 2:
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	332 Das Programm zu verbreiten.
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	333 .BU
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	334 Freiheit 3:
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	335 Das Programm zu verbessern und diese Verbesserungen zu verbreiten,
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	336 um damit einen Nutzen für die Gemeinschaft zu erzeugen.
17 961b77921682 text: more markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 16 diff changeset	337 .P
23 a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	338 Für die Freiheiten (1) und (3) ist der Zugang zum Quelltext
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	339 eine Voraussetzung.
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	340 .P
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	341 Die FSF pflegt eine Liste von Software-Lizenzen, die sie nach
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	342 dieser Definition als frei ansehen.
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	343 .P
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	344 Ihre eigene Lizenz, die General Public License (GPL), basiert
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	345 zudem auf einem besonderen Konstrukt, dem
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	346 .I Copyleft .
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	347 Dieses erzwingt, dass
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	348 jedes abgeleitete Werk wiederum unter der gleichen Lizenz stehen
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	349 muss. Damit wird verhindert, dass ein Stueck GPL-lizenzierter Code
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	350 jemals auf eine Weise genutzt werden kann, die nicht jedermann
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	351 gleichfalls zur Verfuegung steht. Alle auf Copyleft-lizenzierte
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	352 Werke aufbauenden Werke werden also wiederum Freie Software sein.
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	353 Dieser Zwang wird von manchen als Einschraenkung ihrer individuellen
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	354 Freiheit angesehen, von anderen dagegen als Sicherung der Freiheit
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	355 aller. Die GPL ist die typische Lizenz fuer die Freie
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	356 Software-Bewegung.
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	357
11 3f54e1e82c80 text: more rearrangements markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 9 diff changeset	358
17 961b77921682 text: more markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 16 diff changeset	359
961b77921682 text: more markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 16 diff changeset	360 .U1 "Open Source
961b77921682 text: more markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 16 diff changeset	361 .P
23 a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	362 Die Open Source-Definition der Open Source Initiative ist eine
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	363 leicht abgewandelte Formulierung der
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	364 Debian Free Software Guidelines, welche von der
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	365 GNU/Linux-Distribution Debian entwickelt worden sind.
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	366 Die Ausrichtung auf die Beduerfnisse einer Distribution, also
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	367 eines Projektes, das verschiedene Programme sinnvoll
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	368 zusammenstellt, geeignet anpasst und dann als Sammelwerk
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	369 verbreitet, sind klar zu erkennen. Die Definition sind eine Checkliste,
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	370 die Programme durchlaufen muessen um in die Distribution
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	371 aufgenommen werden zu koennen.
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	372
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	373 .BU
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	374 Freie Weitergabe
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	375 .BU
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	376 Verfügbarer Quellcode
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	377 .BU
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	378 Abgeleitete Arbeiten
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	379 .BU
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	380 Integrität des Autoren-Quellcodes
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	381 .BU
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	382 Keine Diskriminierungen von Personen oder Gruppen
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	383 .BU
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	384 Keine Nutzungseinschränkung
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	385 .BU
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	386 Lizenzerteilung
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	387 .BU
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	388 Produktneutralität
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	389 .BU
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	390 Die Lizenz darf andere Software nicht einschränken
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	391 .BU
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	392 Die Lizenz muss Technologie-neutral sein
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	393
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	394 .P
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	395 Eine klassische Open Source-Lizenz gibt es nicht. Dem Charakter
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	396 von Open Source entsprechen aber BSD-artige Lizenzen am besten.
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	397 Der Kern deren Aussage laesst sich so zusammenfassen: ``Tue mit
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	398 dieser Sofware was du willst, solange du nicht behauptest, sie
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	399 waere von dir. Und wir haften fuer nichts.''
17 961b77921682 text: more markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 16 diff changeset	400 .P
23 a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	401 Zum groessten Teil entsprechen sich die Definitionen der FSF und
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	402 OSI in der Frage, wie eine konkrete Lizenz klassifiziert wird.
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	403
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	404
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	405
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	406 .U1 "Free Cultural Works
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	407 .P
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	408 Inspiriert von der Definition von Freier Software erfordern Free
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	409 Cultural Works folgende Essentielle Freiheiten:
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	410 .BU
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	411 The freedom to use and perform the work
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	412 .BU
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	413 The freedom to study the work and apply the information
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	414 .BU
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	415 The freedom to redistribute copies
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	416 .BU
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	417 The freedom to distribute derivative works
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	418 .P
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	419 Daneben gibt es aber zusaetzliche Anforderungen, die implizit in
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	420 den Freiheiten stecken, aber nochmal explizit aufgefuehrt werden:
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	421 .BU
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	422 Availability of source data
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	423 .BU
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	424 Use of a free format
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	425 .BU
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	426 No technical restrictions
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	427 .BU
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	428 No other restrictions or limitations
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	429 .P
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	430 Wenn auch keine weiteren Einschraenkungen und Begrenzungen erlaubt
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	431 sind, so gibt es doch bestimmte Einschraenkungen die zulaessig
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	432 sind, ohne die essentiellen Freiheiten zu beeinflussen:
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	433 .QS
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	434 In particular, requirements for attribution, for symmetric
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	435 collaboration (i.e., ``copyleft''), and for the protection of
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	436 essential freedom are considered permissible restrictions.
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	437 .QE
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	438 .P
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	439 Typische Lizenzen fuer Free Cultural Works sind die zwei Creative
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	440 Commons-Lizenzen CC BY und CC BY-SA, sowie die Public Domain
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	441 Dedication CC0. Die anderen CC-Lizenzen sind unfrei im Sinne der
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	442 FCW.
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	443 Weitere Beispiele fuer FCW-Lizenzen sind: XXX GFDL?, OFL?, ...
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	444
17 961b77921682 text: more markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 16 diff changeset	445
961b77921682 text: more markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 16 diff changeset	446
961b77921682 text: more markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 16 diff changeset	447 .U1 "Open Access
961b77921682 text: more markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 16 diff changeset	448 .P
23 a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	449 Eine anerkannte Definition von Open Access, wie es fuer
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	450 die anderen Konzepte der Fall ist, gibt es nicht. Es entstanden
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	451 ueber die Jahre allerlei Definitionen, die sich teilweise
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	452 unterscheiden und unterschiedlich akzeptiert sind.
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	453 .P
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	454 Die erste Definition, die den Begriff ``Open Access'' verwendet
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	455 hat, war die
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	456 .B "Budapest Declaration
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	457 in 2002. Sie fordert:
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	458 .QS
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	459 The literature that should be freely available is that which
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	460 scholars give to the world without expectation of payment. [...]
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	461 Be ``open access'' to this literature, we mean its free
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	462 availability on the public internet, permitting any users to read,
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	463 download, copy, distribute, print, [...], or use them for any
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	464 other lawful purpose, without financial, legal, or technical
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	465 barriers other than those inseparable from gaining access to the
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	466 internet itself. The only constraint on reproduction and
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	467 distribution, and the only role for copyright in this domain,
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	468 should be to give the authors control over the integrity of their
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	469 work and the right to be properly acknowledged and cited.
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	470 .QE
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	471
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	472 .P
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	473
17 961b77921682 text: more markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 16 diff changeset	474 .P
23 a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	475 2003 erschien die
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	476 .B "Berlin Declaration on Open Access to Knowledge\
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	477 in the Sciences and Humanities" .
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	478 Sie basiert stark, teilweise sogar im Wortlaut, auf dem
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	479 .B "Bethesda Statement on Open Access Publishing" ,
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	480 aus dem gleichen Jahr.
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	481 .QS
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	482 The author(s) and right holder(s) of such contributions grant(s)
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	483 to all users a free, irrevocable,
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	484 worldwide, right of access to, and a license to copy, use,
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	485 distribute, transmit and display the work
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	486 publicly and to make and distribute derivative works, in any
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	487 digital medium for any responsible
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	488 purpose, subject to proper attribution of authorship ([...]),
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	489 as well as the right to make small numbers of
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	490 printed copies for their personal use.
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	491 .QE
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	492 .P
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	493 Hier geht man explizit auf abgeleitete Werke ein.
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	494 Ueber die Budapest Declaration hinaus geht auch die Forderung,
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	495 dass das Werk mitsamt aller Quellmaterialien in einem Repositorium
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	496 veroeffentlicht werden muss.
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	497 Zudem
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	498 unterscheidet man zwischen der digitalen und materiellen
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	499 Vervielfaeltigung und Verbreitung. Das kann sicher als
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	500 Zugestaendnis an das Verlagswesen gewertet werden. Bei der Freien
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	501 Software gibt es diese Unterscheidung nicht. Bei Open Source ist
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	502 sie sogar explizit ausgeschlossen.
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	503 Im Gegensatz zur Budapest Declaration ist das Thema der Kosten
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	504 nicht so prominent praesentiert. Das entspricht der Situation bei
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	505 den Definitionen fuer Freie und Open Source Software.
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	506 .P
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	507 Neben diesen beiden, vielleicht wichtigsten Definitionen, gibt es
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	508 unzaehlige weitere. Daneben wird der Begriff
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	509 ``Open Access'' aber auch oft sehr unscharf verwendet.
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	510 Letztlich bleibt als gemeinsamer Nenner nur der kostenlose
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	511 (Lese-)Zugriff auf die Informationen uebrig. In der Hinsicht sind
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	512 sich alle Beteiligten einig.
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	513 .P
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	514 Als typische Lizenzen fuer Open Access-Inhalte haben sich die
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	515 Creative Commons-Lizenzen etabliert. In der Neuauflage der
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	516 Budapest Declaration von 2012 wird sogar explizit die CC BY-Lizenz
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	517 empfohlen. Diese Tendenz scheint sich, zumindest fuer
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	518 Zeitschriftenartikel, durchzusetzen. (XXX Link zur
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	519 GFZ-Empfehlung)
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	520 Daneben sind aber auch die anderen CC-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	521 BY-NC, CC BY-NC-ND und CC BY-NC-ND) verbreitet.
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	522 Was die reinen Quelldaten angeht, so werden diese inzwischen
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	523 zumeist unter CC0 veroeffentlicht ... falls sie veroeffentlicht
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	524 werden.
17 961b77921682 text: more markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 16 diff changeset	525
961b77921682 text: more markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 16 diff changeset	526
23 a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	527
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	528 .KS
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	529 .TS
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	530 expand;
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	531 l \| c c c c c c \| c c c.
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	532 Definition use copy dist mod moddist print source ack gratis
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	533 _
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	534 FSF \(sr (\(sr) \(sr \(sr \(sr (\(sr) \(sr \(em \(em
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	535 OSI \(sr (\(sr) \(sr \(sr \(sr \(sr \(sr \(em \(em
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	536 FCW \(sr \(sr \(sr \(sr \(sr \(sr \(sr \(em \(em
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	537 .sp .5v
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	538 Budapest \(sr \(sr \(sr ? ? \(sr \(em \(sr \(sr
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	539 Bethesda \(sr \(sr \(sr \(sr \(sr few \(em \(sr ?
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	540 Berlin \(sr \(sr \(sr \(sr \(sr few \(sr \(sr ?
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	541 .TE
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	542 .ce 1
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	543 Tab\^1: Von den Definitionen geforderte Rechte und Pflichten
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	544 (XXX: kommerzielle Einschraenkungen)
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	545 (XXX: kommerzielle Einschraenkungen)
a682d4046c6b text: lots of new text about defs and licenses; exchanged FCW and OA markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 22 diff changeset	546 .KE
17 961b77921682 text: more markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 16 diff changeset	547
961b77921682 text: more markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 16 diff changeset	548
961b77921682 text: more markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 16 diff changeset	549
961b77921682 text: more markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 16 diff changeset	550 .\"###################################################################
11 3f54e1e82c80 text: more rearrangements markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 9 diff changeset	551 .H0 "Diskussion
3f54e1e82c80 text: more rearrangements markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 9 diff changeset	552 .P
20 11ebc8bd3a3e text: rearrangements markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 17 diff changeset	553 Klare Definitionen.
11ebc8bd3a3e text: rearrangements markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 17 diff changeset	554 OA ist nicht eindeutig definiert, die anderen Konzepte schon.
11ebc8bd3a3e text: rearrangements markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 17 diff changeset	555 Auswirkungen?
11 3f54e1e82c80 text: more rearrangements markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 9 diff changeset	556 .P
3f54e1e82c80 text: more rearrangements markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 9 diff changeset	557 Wortfuehrer
3f54e1e82c80 text: more rearrangements markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 9 diff changeset	558 .P
3f54e1e82c80 text: more rearrangements markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 9 diff changeset	559 Copyleft
3f54e1e82c80 text: more rearrangements markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 9 diff changeset	560 .P
3f54e1e82c80 text: more rearrangements markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 9 diff changeset	561 Pragmatisch vs. idealistisch
17 961b77921682 text: more markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 16 diff changeset	562 .P
961b77921682 text: more markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 16 diff changeset	563 So stehen Open Source und Open Access der Wirtschaft auch naeher
961b77921682 text: more markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 16 diff changeset	564 als die gesellschaftsnahen Konzepte Freie Software und Free
961b77921682 text: more markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 16 diff changeset	565 Cultural Works.
15 63e649c2279f text: rearrangement of the text structure markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 14 diff changeset	566
63e649c2279f text: rearrangement of the text structure markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 14 diff changeset	567
63e649c2279f text: rearrangement of the text structure markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 14 diff changeset	568 .U2 "Abhaengigkeit
7 66d13f95b685 text: added notes/todos markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 6 diff changeset	569 .P
66d13f95b685 text: added notes/todos markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 6 diff changeset	570 Abhaengigkeit von Verwertern.
66d13f95b685 text: added notes/todos markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 6 diff changeset	571 Sicht der Urheber, Sicht der Bibliotheken, Sicht der Nutzer.
66d13f95b685 text: added notes/todos markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 6 diff changeset	572 Und eben so fuer Software.
66d13f95b685 text: added notes/todos markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 6 diff changeset	573
66d13f95b685 text: added notes/todos markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 6 diff changeset	574
15 63e649c2279f text: rearrangement of the text structure markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 14 diff changeset	575 .U2 "Verlust
7 66d13f95b685 text: added notes/todos markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 6 diff changeset	576 .P
66d13f95b685 text: added notes/todos markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 6 diff changeset	577 Wenn einem das eigene Werk weggenommen wird ...
66d13f95b685 text: added notes/todos markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 6 diff changeset	578
15 63e649c2279f text: rearrangement of the text structure markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 14 diff changeset	579 .U2 Allerlei
14 6f75c073122b text: wrote about free software markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 13 diff changeset	580 .P
6f75c073122b text: wrote about free software markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 13 diff changeset	581 Waehrend sich die Begriffe Freie Software und Open Source auf
6f75c073122b text: wrote about free software markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 13 diff changeset	582 Programmcode beziehen, wird Open Access in erster Linie fuer
6f75c073122b text: wrote about free software markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 13 diff changeset	583 wissenschaftliche Publikationen verwendet. Free Cultural Works
6f75c073122b text: wrote about free software markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 13 diff changeset	584 stehen grundsaetzlich fuer ein allgemeineres Konzept, das sich
6f75c073122b text: wrote about free software markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 13 diff changeset	585 aber um Kulturgueter, also hauptsaechlich kreative Werke,
6f75c073122b text: wrote about free software markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 13 diff changeset	586 zentriert.
6f75c073122b text: wrote about free software markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 13 diff changeset	587 .P
6f75c073122b text: wrote about free software markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 13 diff changeset	588 Wo es bei der ersten Gruppe eine Motivation ist, Geld zu sparen
6f75c073122b text: wrote about free software markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 13 diff changeset	589 und mehr Moeglichkeiten zu haben, so ist dies bei der zweiten
6f75c073122b text: wrote about free software markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 13 diff changeset	590 Gruppe nebensaechlich. Dort ist es viel wichtiger, dass die Werke
6f75c073122b text: wrote about free software markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 13 diff changeset	591 frei sind und damit die Menschheit nicht beschraenkt wird.
6f75c073122b text: wrote about free software markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 13 diff changeset	592 .P
6f75c073122b text: wrote about free software markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 13 diff changeset	593 Wenn auch
6f75c073122b text: wrote about free software markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 13 diff changeset	594 die dahinter steckenden Aktivitaeten und die durch sie
6f75c073122b text: wrote about free software markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 13 diff changeset	595 hervorgerufenen Aktivitaeten grossteils aehnlich oder gar die
6f75c073122b text: wrote about free software markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 13 diff changeset	596 gleichen sind, so haben die beiden Konzepte doch einen
6f75c073122b text: wrote about free software markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 13 diff changeset	597 unterschiedlichen Fokus. Dieser ist teilweise am Begriff selbst,
6f75c073122b text: wrote about free software markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 13 diff changeset	598 teilweise an der historischen Entwicklung verankert. Der Wortsinn
6f75c073122b text: wrote about free software markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 13 diff changeset	599 eines Begriffes ist zumeist das letzte Referenzpunkt seiner
6f75c073122b text: wrote about free software markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 13 diff changeset	600 Deutung. Wenn auch die Beschriftung nicht die Art des Inhalts
6f75c073122b text: wrote about free software markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 13 diff changeset	601 aendern wird, so hat sie doch erheblichen Einfluss auf seine
6f75c073122b text: wrote about free software markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 13 diff changeset	602 Wahrnehmung.
9 3f9625b09734 new structure markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 7 diff changeset	603
3f9625b09734 new structure markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 7 diff changeset	604
17 961b77921682 text: more markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 16 diff changeset	605 .P
961b77921682 text: more markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 16 diff changeset	606 Stallman ueber Texte -- GFDL
9 3f9625b09734 new structure markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> parents: 7 diff changeset	607

Mercurial > docs > bib-ref2

annotate text.roff @ 23:a682d4046c6b