Mercurial > docs > master
annotate discussion.roff @ 128:76c440261ebb
s/stream-lining/streamlining/
author | markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> |
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date | Mon, 02 Jul 2012 13:30:22 +0200 |
parents | 4a9a97d9d6b5 |
children | 01af3c0dfe7b |
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1 .H0 "Discussion |
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2 .P |
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3 This main chapter discusses the practical work done in the mmh project. |
104 | 4 It is structured along the goals to achieve. |
5 The concrete work done | |
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6 is described in the examples of how the general goals were achieved. |
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7 The discussion compares the current version of mmh with the state of |
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8 nmh just before the mmh project started, i.e. Fall 2011. |
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9 Current changes of nmh will be mentioned only as side notes. |
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10 .\" XXX where do I discuss the parallel development of nmh? |
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11 |
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12 |
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13 |
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14 .H1 "Streamlining |
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15 |
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16 .P |
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17 MH had been considered an all-in-one system for mail handling. |
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18 The community around nmh has a similar understanding. |
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19 In fundamental difference, mmh shall be a MUA only. |
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20 I believe that the development of all-in-one mail systems is obsolete. |
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21 Today, email is too complex to be fully covered by single projects. |
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22 Such a project won't be able to excel in all aspects. |
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23 Instead, the aspects of email should be covered my multiple projects, |
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24 which then can be combined to form a complete system. |
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25 Excellent implementations for the various aspects of email exist already. |
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26 Just to name three examples: Postfix is a specialized MTA, |
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27 Procmail is a specialized MDA, and Fetchmail is a specialized MRA. |
89 | 28 I believe that it is best to use such specialized tools instead of |
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29 providing the same function again as a side-component in the project. |
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30 .P |
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31 Doing something well, requires to focus on a small set of specific aspects. |
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32 Under the assumption that focused development produces better results |
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33 in the particular area, specialized projects will be superior |
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34 in their field of focus. |
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35 Hence, all-in-one mail system projects \(en no matter if monolithic |
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36 or modular \(en will never be the best choice in any of the fields. |
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37 Even in providing the best consistent all-in-one system they are likely |
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38 to be beaten by projects that focus only on integrating existing mail |
89 | 39 components to a homogeneous system. |
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40 .P |
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41 The limiting resource in Free Software community development |
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42 is usually man power. |
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43 If the development power is spread over a large development area, |
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44 it becomes even more difficult to compete with the specialists in the |
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45 various fields. |
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46 The concrete situation for MH-based mail systems is even tougher, |
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47 given the small and aged community, including both developers and users, |
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48 it has. |
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49 .P |
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50 In consequence, I believe that the available development resources |
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51 should focus on the point where MH is most unique. |
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52 This is clearly the user interface \(en the MUA. |
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53 Peripheral parts should be removed to streamline mmh for the MUA task. |
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54 |
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55 |
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56 .H2 "Mail Transfer Facilities |
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57 .P |
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58 In contrast to nmh, which also provides mail submission and mail retrieval |
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59 agents, mmh is a MUA only. |
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60 This general difference initiated the development of mmh. |
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61 Removing the mail transfer facilities had been the first work task |
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62 in the mmh project. |
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63 .P |
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64 Focusing on one mail agent role only is motivated by Eric Allman's |
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65 experience with Sendmail. |
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66 He identified limiting Sendmail the MTA task had be one reason for |
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67 its success: |
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68 .[ [ |
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69 costales sendmail |
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70 .], p. xviii] |
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71 .QS |
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72 Second, I limited myself to the routing function \(en |
110 | 73 I wouldn't write user agents or delivery back-ends. |
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74 This was a departure of the dominant through of the time, |
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75 in which routing logic, local delivery, and often the network code |
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76 were incorporated directly into the user agents. |
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77 .QE |
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78 .P |
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79 In mmh, the Mail Submission Agent (MSA) is called |
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80 \fIMessage Transfer Service\fP (MTS). |
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81 This facility, implemented by the |
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82 .Pn post |
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83 command, established network connections and spoke SMTP to submit |
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84 messages for relay to the outside world. |
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85 The changes in email demanded changes in this part of nmh too. |
89 | 86 Encryption and authentication for network connections |
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87 needed to be supported, hence TLS and SASL were introduced into nmh. |
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88 This added complexity to nmh without improving it in its core functions. |
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89 Also, keeping up with recent developments in the field of |
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90 mail transfer requires development power and specialists. |
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91 In mmh this whole facility was simply cut off. |
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92 .Ci f6aa95b724fd8c791164abe7ee5468bf5c34f226 |
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93 .Ci fecd5d34f65597a4dfa16aeabea7d74b191532c3 |
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94 .Ci 156d35f6425bea4c1ed3c4c79783dc613379c65b |
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95 Instead, mmh depends on an external MSA. |
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96 The only outgoing interface available to mmh is the |
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97 .Pn sendmail |
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98 command, which almost any MSA provides. |
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99 If not, a wrapper program can be written. |
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100 It must read the message from the standard input, extract the |
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101 recipient addresses from the message header, and hand the message |
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102 over to the MSA. |
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103 For example, a wrapper script for qmail would be: |
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104 .VS |
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105 #!/bin/sh |
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106 # ignore command line arguments |
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107 exec qmail-inject |
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108 VE |
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109 The requirement to parse the recipient addresses out of the message header |
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110 is likely to be removed in the future. |
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111 Then mmh would give the recipient addresses as command line arguments. |
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112 This appears to be the better interface. |
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113 .\" XXX implement it |
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114 .P |
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115 To retrieve mail, the |
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116 .Pn inc |
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117 command acted as Mail Retrieval Agent (MRA). |
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118 It established network connections |
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119 and spoke POP3 to retrieve mail from remote servers. |
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120 As with mail submission, the network connections required encryption and |
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121 authentication, thus TLS and SASL were added. |
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122 Support for message retrieval through IMAP will become necessary |
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123 to be added soon, too, and likewise for any other changes in mail transfer. |
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124 Not so for mmh because it has dropped the support for retrieving mail |
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125 from remote locations. |
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126 .Ci ab7b48411962d26439f92f35ed084d3d6275459c |
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127 Instead, it depends on an external tool to cover this task. |
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128 In mmh exist two paths for messages to enter mmh's mail storage: |
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129 (1) Mail can be incorporated with |
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130 .Pn inc |
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131 from the system maildrop, or (2) with |
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132 .Pn rcvstore |
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133 by reading them, one at a time, from the standard input. |
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134 .P |
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135 With the removal of the MSA and MRA, mmh converted from an all-in-one |
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136 mail system to being a MUA only. |
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137 Now, of course, mmh depends on third-party software. |
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138 An external MSA is required to transfer mail to the outside world; |
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139 an external MRA is required to retrieve mail from remote machines. |
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140 There exist excellent implementations of such software, |
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141 which do this specific task likely better than the internal |
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142 versions had done it. |
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143 Also, the best suiting programs can be freely chosen. |
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144 .P |
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145 As it had already been possible to use an external MSA or MRA, |
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146 why not keep the internal version for convenience? |
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147 The question whether there is sense in having a fall-back pager in all |
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148 the command line tools, for the cases when |
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149 .Pn more |
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150 or |
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151 .Pn less |
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152 aren't available, appears to be ridiculous. |
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153 Of course, MSAs and MRAs are more complex than text pagers |
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154 and not necessarily available but still the concept of orthogonal |
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155 design holds: ``Write programs that do one thing and do it well.'' |
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156 .[ |
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157 mcilroy unix phil |
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158 p. 53 |
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159 .] |
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160 .[ |
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161 mcilroy bstj foreword |
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162 .] |
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163 Here, this part of the Unix philosophy was applied not only |
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164 to the programs but to the project itself. |
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165 In other words: |
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166 ``Develop projects that focus on one thing and do it well.'' |
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167 Projects grown complex should be split for the same reasons programs grown |
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168 complex should be split. |
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169 If it is conceptionally more elegant to have the MSA and MRA as |
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170 separate projects then they should be separated. |
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171 This is the case here, in my opinion. |
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172 The RFCs propose this separation by clearly distinguishing the different |
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173 mail handling tasks. |
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174 .[ |
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175 rfc 821 |
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176 .] |
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177 The small interfaces between the mail agents support the separation. |
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178 .P |
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179 In the beginning, email had been small and simple. |
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180 At that time, |
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181 .Pn /bin/mail |
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182 had covered anything there was to email and still had been small |
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183 and simple. |
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184 Later, the essential complexity of email increased. |
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185 (Essential complexity is the complexity defined by the problem itself.\0 |
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186 .[[ |
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187 brooks no silver bullet |
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188 .]]) |
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189 Email systems reacted to this change: They grew. |
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190 RFCs started to introduce the concept of mail agents to separate the |
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191 various tasks because they became more extensive and new tasks appeared. |
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192 As the mail systems grew even more, parts were split off. |
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193 In nmh, for instance, the POP server, which was included in the original |
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194 MH, was removed. |
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195 Now is the time to go one step further and split the MSA and MRA off, too. |
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196 Not only does this decrease the code size of the project, |
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197 but, more important, it unburdens mmh of the whole field of |
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198 message transfer with all its implications for the project. |
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199 There is no more need to concern with changes in network transfer. |
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200 This independence is received by depending on an external program |
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201 that covers the field. |
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202 Today, this is a reasonable exchange. |
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203 .P |
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204 Functionality can be added in three different ways: |
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205 .BU |
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206 Implementing the function originally in the project. |
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207 .BU |
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208 Depending on a library that provides the function. |
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209 .BU |
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210 Depending on a program that provides the function. |
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211 .P |
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212 Whereas adding the function originally to the project increases the |
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213 code size most and requires most maintenance and development work, |
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214 it makes the project most independent of other software. |
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215 Using libraries or external programs require less maintenance work |
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216 but introduces dependencies on external software. |
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217 Programs have the smallest interfaces and provide the best separation |
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218 but possibly limit the information exchange. |
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219 External libraries are stronger connected than external programs, |
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220 thus information can be exchanged more flexible. |
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221 Adding code to a project increases maintenance work. |
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222 .\" XXX ref |
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223 Implementing complex functions originally in the project adds |
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224 a lot of code. |
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225 This should be avoided if possible. |
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226 Hence, the dependencies only change in kind, not in their existence. |
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227 In mmh, library dependencies on |
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228 .Pn libsasl2 |
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229 and |
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230 .Pn libcrypto /\c |
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231 .Pn libssl |
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232 were treated against program dependencies on an MSA and an MRA. |
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233 This also meant treating build-time dependencies against run-time |
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234 dependencies. |
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235 Besides program dependencies providing the stronger separation |
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236 and being more flexible, they also allowed |
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237 over 6\|000 lines of code to be removed from mmh. |
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238 This made mmh's code base about 12\|% smaller. |
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239 Reducing the project's code size by such an amount without actually |
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240 losing functionality is a convincing argument. |
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241 Actually, as external MSAs and MRAs are likely superior to the |
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242 project's internal versions, the common user even gains functionality. |
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243 .P |
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244 Users of MH should not have problems to set up an external MSA and MRA. |
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245 Also, the popular MSAs and MRAs have large communities and a lot |
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246 of documentation available. |
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247 Choices for MSAs range from full-featured MTAs like |
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248 .I Postfix |
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249 over mid-size MTAs like |
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250 .I masqmail |
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251 and |
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252 .I dma |
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253 to small forwarders like |
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254 .I ssmtp |
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255 and |
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256 .I nullmailer . |
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257 Choices for MRAs include |
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258 .I fetchmail , |
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259 .I getmail , |
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260 .I mpop |
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261 and |
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262 .I fdm . |
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263 |
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264 |
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265 .H2 "Non-MUA Tools |
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266 .P |
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267 One goal of mmh is to remove the tools that are not part of the MUA's task. |
89 | 268 Further more, any tools that don't improve the MUA's job significantly |
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269 should be removed. |
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270 Loosely related and rarely used tools distract from the lean appearance. |
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271 They require maintenance work without adding much to the core task. |
125
0e102cec0c73
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272 By removing these tools, the project shall become more streamlined |
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273 and focused. |
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274 In mmh the following tools are not available anymore: |
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275 .BU |
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276 .Pn conflict |
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277 was removed |
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278 .Ci 8b235097cbd11d728c07b966cf131aa7133ce5a9 |
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279 because it is a mail system maintenance tool that is not MUA-related. |
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280 It even checked |
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281 .Fn /etc/passwd |
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282 and |
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283 .Fn /etc/group |
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284 for consistency, which is completely unrelated to email. |
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285 A tool like |
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286 .Pn conflict |
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287 is surely useful, but it should not be shipped with mmh. |
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288 .\" XXX historic reasons? |
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289 .BU |
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290 .Pn rcvtty |
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291 was removed |
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292 .Ci 14767c94b3827be7c867196467ed7aea5f6f49b0 |
89 | 293 because its use case of writing to the user's terminal |
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294 on receiving of mail is obsolete. |
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295 If users like to be informed of new mail, the shell's |
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296 .Ev MAILPATH |
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297 variable or graphical notifications are technically more appealing. |
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298 Writing directly to terminals is hardly ever wanted today. |
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299 If though one wants to have it this way, the standard tool |
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300 .Pn write |
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301 can be used in a way similar to: |
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302 .VS |
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303 scan -file - | write `id -un` |
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304 VE |
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305 .BU |
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306 .Pn viamail |
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307 was removed |
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308 .Ci eda72d6a7a7c20ff123043fb7f19c509ea01f932 |
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309 when the new attachment system was activated, because |
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310 .Pn forw |
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311 could then cover the task itself. |
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312 The program |
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313 .Pn sendfiles |
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314 was rewritten as a shell script wrapper around |
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315 .Pn forw . |
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316 .Ci 0e82199cf3c991a173e0ac8aa776efdb3ded61e6 |
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317 .BU |
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318 .Pn msgchk |
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319 was removed |
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320 .Ci bb9360ead7eb7a3fedcce2eeedfc660014e41dbe , |
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321 because it lost its use case when POP support was removed. |
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322 A call to |
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323 .Pn msgchk |
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324 provided hardly more information than: |
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325 .VS |
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326 ls -l /var/mail/meillo |
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327 VE |
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328 It did distinguish between old and new mail, but |
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329 this detail information can be retrieved with |
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330 .Pn stat (1), |
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331 too. |
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332 A small shell script could be written to print the information |
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333 in a similar way, if truly necessary. |
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334 As mmh's |
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335 .Pn inc |
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336 only incorporates mail from the user's local maildrop, |
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337 and thus no data transfers over slow networks are involved, |
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338 there's hardly any need to check for new mail before incorporating it. |
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339 .BU |
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340 .Pn msh |
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341 was removed |
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342 .Ci 916690191222433a6923a4be54b0d8f6ac01bd02 |
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343 because the tool was in conflict with the philosophy of MH. |
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344 It provided an interactive shell to access the features of MH, |
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345 but it wasn't just a shell, tailored to the needs of mail handling. |
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346 Instead it was one large program that had several MH tools built in. |
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347 This conflicts with the major feature of MH of being a tool chest. |
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348 .Pn msh 's |
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349 main use case had been accessing Bulletin Boards, which have seized to |
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350 be popular. |
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351 .P |
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352 Removing |
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353 .Pn msh , |
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354 together with the truly archaic code relicts |
58
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355 .Pn vmh |
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356 and |
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357 .Pn wmh , |
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358 saved more than 7\|000 lines of C code \(en |
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359 about 15\|% of the project's original source code amount. |
100
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360 Having less code \(en with equal readability, of course \(en |
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361 for the same functionality is an advantage. |
63 | 362 Less code means less bugs and less maintenance work. |
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363 As |
63 | 364 .Pn rcvtty |
365 and | |
366 .Pn msgchk | |
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367 are assumed to be rarely used and can be implemented in different ways, |
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368 why should one keep them? |
125
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369 Removing them streamlines mmh. |
63 | 370 .Pn viamail 's |
371 use case is now partly obsolete and partly covered by | |
372 .Pn forw , | |
76
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373 hence there's no reason to still maintain it. |
63 | 374 .Pn conflict |
76
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375 is not related to the mail client, and |
63 | 376 .Pn msh |
377 conflicts with the basic concept of MH. | |
76
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378 Theses two tools might still be useful, but they should not be part of mmh. |
63 | 379 .P |
76
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380 Finally, there's |
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381 .Pn slocal . |
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382 .Pn slocal |
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383 is an MDA and thus not directly MUA-related. |
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384 It should be removed from mmh, because including it conflicts with |
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385 the idea that mmh is a MUA only. |
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386 .Pn slocal |
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387 should rather become a separate project. |
87
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388 However, |
76
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389 .Pn slocal |
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390 provides rule-based processing of messages, like filing them into |
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391 different folders, which is otherwise not available in mmh. |
87
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392 Although |
76
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393 .Pn slocal |
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394 does neither pull in dependencies nor does it include a separate |
100
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395 technical area (cf. Sec. XXX), still, |
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396 it accounts for about 1\|000 lines of code that need to be maintained. |
76
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397 As |
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398 .Pn slocal |
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399 is almost self-standing, it should be split off into a separate project. |
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400 This would cut the strong connection between the MUA mmh and the MDA |
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401 .Pn slocal . |
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402 For anyone not using MH, |
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403 .Pn slocal |
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404 would become yet another independent MDA, like |
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405 .I procmail . |
100
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406 Then |
87
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407 .Pn slocal |
100
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408 could be installed without the complete MH system. |
76
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409 Likewise, mmh users could decide to use |
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410 .I procmail |
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411 without having a second, unused MDA, |
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412 .Pn slocal , |
76
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413 installed. |
100
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414 That appears to be conceptionally the best solution. |
76
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415 Yet, |
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416 .Pn slocal |
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417 is not split off. |
100
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418 I defer the decision over |
78 | 419 .Pn slocal |
100
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420 in need for deeper investigation. |
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421 In the meanwhile, it remains part of mmh. |
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422 That does not hurt because |
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423 .Pn slocal |
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424 is unrelated to the rest of the project. |
58
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425 |
0
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426 |
76
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427 .H2 "\fLshow\fP and \fPmhshow\fP |
58
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428 .P |
69
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429 Since the very beginning \(en already in the first concept paper \(en |
58
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430 .Pn show |
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431 had been MH's message display program. |
58
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432 .Pn show |
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433 mapped message numbers and sequences to files and invoked |
58
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434 .Pn mhl |
89 | 435 to have the files formatted. |
88 | 436 With MIME, this approach wasn't sufficient anymore. |
100
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437 MIME messages can consist of multiple parts. Some parts are not |
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438 directly displayable and text content might be encoded in |
58
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439 foreign charsets. |
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440 .Pn show 's |
76
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441 understanding of messages and |
58
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442 .Pn mhl 's |
88 | 443 display capabilities couldn't cope with the task any longer. |
62
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444 .P |
88 | 445 Instead of extending these tools, additional tools were written from |
446 scratch and added to the MH tool chest. | |
447 Doing so is encouraged by the tool chest approach. | |
448 Modular design is a great advantage for extending a system, | |
449 as new tools can be added without interfering with existing ones. | |
62
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450 First, the new MIME features were added in form of the single program |
58
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451 .Pn mhn . |
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452 The command |
82
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453 .Cl "mhn -show 42 |
58
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454 would show the MIME message numbered 42. |
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455 With the 1.0 release of nmh in February 1999, Richard Coleman finished |
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456 the split of |
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457 .Pn mhn |
88 | 458 into a set of specialized tools, which together covered the |
459 multiple aspects of MIME. | |
460 One of them was | |
69
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461 .Pn mhshow , |
88 | 462 which replaced |
463 .Cl "mhn -show" . | |
464 It was capable of displaying MIME messages appropriately. | |
62
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465 .P |
88 | 466 From then on, two message display tools were part of nmh, |
76
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467 .Pn show |
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468 and |
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469 .Pn mhshow . |
88 | 470 To ease the life of users, |
69
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471 .Pn show |
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472 was extended to automatically hand the job over to |
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473 .Pn mhshow |
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474 if displaying the message would be beyond |
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475 .Pn show 's |
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476 abilities. |
88 | 477 In consequence, the user would simply invoke |
69
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478 .Pn show |
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479 (possibly through |
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480 .Pn next |
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481 or |
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482 .Pn prev ) |
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483 and get the message printed with either |
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484 .Pn show |
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485 or |
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486 .Pn mhshow , |
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487 whatever was more appropriate. |
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488 .P |
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489 Having two similar tools for essentially the same task is redundant. |
88 | 490 Usually, |
491 users wouldn't distinguish between | |
492 .Pn show | |
493 and | |
494 .Pn mhshow | |
495 in their daily mail reading. | |
496 Having two separate display programs was therefore mainly unnecessary | |
497 from a user's point of view. | |
498 Besides, the development of both programs needed to be in sync, | |
76
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499 to ensure that the programs behaved in a similar way, |
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500 because they were used like a single tool. |
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501 Different behavior would have surprised the user. |
69
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502 .P |
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503 Today, non-MIME messages are rather seen to be a special case of |
100
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504 MIME messages, although it is the other way round. |
69
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|
505 As |
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506 .Pn mhshow |
88 | 507 had already be able to display non-MIME messages, it appeared natural |
69
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508 to drop |
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|
509 .Pn show |
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510 in favor of using |
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Wrote more about the show-mhshow merge.
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511 .Pn mhshow |
f80ced4e749b
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|
512 exclusively. |
88 | 513 .Ci 4c1efddfd499300c7e74263e57d8aa137e84c853 |
514 Removing | |
515 .Pn show | |
516 is no loss in function, because functionally | |
517 .Pn mhshow | |
518 covers it completely. | |
519 The old behavior of | |
520 .Pn show | |
521 can still be emulated with the simple command line: | |
522 .VS | |
523 mhl `mhpath c` | |
524 VE | |
525 .P | |
76
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Rework of existing text.
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526 For convenience, |
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527 .Pn mhshow |
88 | 528 was renamed to |
529 .Pn show | |
530 after | |
531 .Pn show | |
532 was gone. | |
533 It is clear that such a rename may confuse future developers when | |
534 trying to understand the history. | |
535 Nevertheless, I consider the convenience on the user's side, | |
536 to call | |
537 .Pn show | |
538 when they want a message to be displayed, to outweigh the inconvenience | |
539 on the developer's side when understanding the project history. | |
69
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540 .P |
88 | 541 To prepare for the transition, |
69
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542 .Pn mhshow |
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543 was reworked to behave more like |
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544 .Pn show |
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545 first. |
88 | 546 (cf. Sec. XXX) |
547 Once the tools behaved more alike, the replacing appeared to be | |
548 even more natural. | |
549 Today, mmh's new | |
69
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550 .Pn show |
88 | 551 became the one single message display program again, with the difference |
552 that today it handles MIME messages as well as non-MIME messages. | |
553 The outcome of the transition is one program less to maintain, | |
554 no second display program for users to deal with, | |
555 and less system complexity. | |
69
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556 .P |
88 | 557 Still, removing the old |
69
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558 .Pn show |
88 | 559 hurts in one regard: It had been such a simple program. |
560 Its lean elegance is missing to the new | |
69
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561 .Pn show . |
88 | 562 But there is no chance; |
563 supporting MIME demands for higher essential complexity. | |
58
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564 |
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565 |
100
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566 .H2 "Configure Options |
58
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567 .P |
76
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568 Customization is a double-edged sword. |
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569 It allows better suiting setups, but not for free. |
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570 There is the cost of code complexity to be able to customize. |
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571 There is the cost of less tested setups, because there are |
72
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572 more possible setups and especially corner-cases. |
76
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573 And, there is the cost of choice itself. |
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574 The code complexity directly affects the developers. |
72
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575 Less tested code affects both, users and developers. |
76
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576 The problem of choice affects the users, for once by having to |
100
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577 choose, but also by more complex interfaces that require more documentation. |
72
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|
578 Whenever options add little advantages, they should be considered for |
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579 removal. |
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580 I have reduced the number of project-specific configure options from |
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581 fifteen to three. |
74
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582 |
76
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583 .U3 "Mail Transfer Facilities |
74
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584 .P |
85
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585 With the removal of the mail transfer facilities five configure |
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586 options vanished: |
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Extended the text about mail transfer configure options.
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587 .P |
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588 The switches |
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589 .Sw --with-tls |
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Extended the text about mail transfer configure options.
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590 and |
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591 .Sw --with-cyrus-sasl |
89 | 592 had activated the support for transfer encryption and authentication. |
85
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593 This is not needed anymore. |
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594 .Ci fecd5d34f65597a4dfa16aeabea7d74b191532c3 |
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595 .Ci 156d35f6425bea4c1ed3c4c79783dc613379c65b |
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596 .P |
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597 The configure switch |
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598 .Sw --enable-pop |
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599 activated the message retrieval facility. |
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600 The code area that would be conditionally compiled in for TLS and SASL |
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601 support had been small. |
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602 The conditionally compiled code area for POP support had been much larger. |
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603 Whereas the code base changes would only slightly change on toggling |
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604 TLS or SASL support, it changed much on toggling POP support. |
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605 The changes in the code base could hardly be overviewed. |
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606 By having POP support togglable a second code base had been created, |
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607 one that needed to be tested. |
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608 This situation is basically similar for the conditional TLS and SASL |
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609 code, but there the changes are minor and can yet be overviewed. |
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610 Still, conditional compilation of a code base creates variations |
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611 of the original program. |
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Extended the text about mail transfer configure options.
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612 More variations require more testing and maintenance work. |
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|
613 .P |
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614 Two other options only specified default configuration values: |
100
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615 .Sw --with-mts |
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616 defined the default transport service, either |
6ae7dc4a3a02
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617 .Ar smtp |
6ae7dc4a3a02
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|
618 or |
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|
619 .Ar sendmail . |
85
fb0d1b4c8fb1
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620 In mmh this fixed to |
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621 .Ar sendmail . |
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622 .Ci f6aa95b724fd8c791164abe7ee5468bf5c34f226 |
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623 With |
100
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624 .Sw --with-smtpservers |
85
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625 default SMTP servers for the |
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626 .Ar smtp |
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627 transport service could be specified. |
72
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628 .Ci 128545e06224233b7e91fc4c83f8830252fe16c9 |
85
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629 Both of them became irrelevant. |
72
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630 |
74
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A lot of new text about configure switches.
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631 .U3 "Backup Prefix |
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632 .P |
76
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633 The backup prefix is the string that was prepended to message |
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Rework of existing text.
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634 filenames to tag them as deleted. |
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635 By default it had been the comma character `\f(CW,\fP'. |
78 | 636 In July 2000, Kimmo Suominen introduced |
637 the configure option | |
638 .Sw --with-hash-backup | |
639 to change the default to the hash symbol `\f(CW#\fP'. | |
640 The choice was probably personal preference, because first, the | |
641 option was named | |
642 .Sw --with-backup-prefix. | |
643 and had the prefix symbol as argument. | |
100
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644 But giving the hash symbol as argument caused too many problems |
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645 for Autoconf, |
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646 thus the option was limited to use the hash symbol as the default prefix. |
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647 This supports the assumption, that the choice for the hash was |
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648 personal preference only. |
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649 Being related or not, words that start with the hash symbol |
78 | 650 introduce a comment in the Unix shell. |
72
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651 Thus, the command line |
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652 .Cl "rm #13 #15 |
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|
653 calls |
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|
654 .Pn rm |
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|
655 without arguments because the first hash symbol starts the comment |
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|
656 that reaches until the end of the line. |
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|
657 To delete the backup files, |
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|
658 .Cl "rm ./#13 ./#15" |
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659 needs to be used. |
100
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660 Using the hash as backup prefix can be seen as a precaution against |
78 | 661 data loss. |
662 .P | |
72
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|
663 I removed the configure option but added the profile entry |
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parents:
69
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|
664 .Pe backup-prefix , |
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|
665 which allows to specify an arbitrary string as backup prefix. |
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|
666 .Ci 6c40d481d661d532dd527eaf34cebb6d3f8ed086 |
76
2e61e0004a8f
Rework of existing text.
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667 Profile entries are the common method to change mmh's behavior. |
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668 This change did not remove the choice but moved it to a location where |
72
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669 it suited better. |
76
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670 .P |
78 | 671 Eventually, however, the new trash folder concept |
672 .Cf "Sec. XXX | |
673 obsoleted the concept of the backup prefix completely. | |
674 .Ci 8edc5aaf86f9f77124664f6801bc6c6cdf258173 | |
100
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Included changes proposed by Lydi.
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675 .\" (Well, there still are corner-cases to remove until the backup |
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Included changes proposed by Lydi.
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676 .\" prefix can be laid to rest, eventually.) |
72
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Wrote about configure options (not finished yet).
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677 .\" FIXME: Do this work in the code! |
76
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678 |
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Rework of existing text.
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679 .U3 "Editor and Pager |
74
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680 .P |
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681 The two configure options |
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A lot of new text about configure switches.
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682 .CW --with-editor=EDITOR |
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683 .CW --with-pager=PAGER |
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A lot of new text about configure switches.
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684 were used to specify the default editor and pager at configure time. |
109
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Rework of existing text.
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685 Doing so at configure time made sense in the eighties, |
76
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Rework of existing text.
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686 when the set of available editors and pagers varied much across |
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687 different systems. |
89 | 688 Today, the situation is more homogeneous. |
74
cefaa856d431
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689 The programs |
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690 .Pn vi |
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A lot of new text about configure switches.
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691 and |
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A lot of new text about configure switches.
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|
692 .Pn more |
76
2e61e0004a8f
Rework of existing text.
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|
693 can be expected to be available on every Unix system, |
74
cefaa856d431
A lot of new text about configure switches.
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694 as they are specified by POSIX since two decades. |
cefaa856d431
A lot of new text about configure switches.
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|
695 (The specifications for |
cefaa856d431
A lot of new text about configure switches.
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72
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|
696 .Pn vi |
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A lot of new text about configure switches.
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diff
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|
697 and |
cefaa856d431
A lot of new text about configure switches.
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72
diff
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|
698 .Pn more |
cefaa856d431
A lot of new text about configure switches.
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72
diff
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|
699 appeared in |
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A lot of new text about configure switches.
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|
700 .[ |
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A lot of new text about configure switches.
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|
701 posix 1987 |
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|
702 .] |
cefaa856d431
A lot of new text about configure switches.
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diff
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|
703 and, |
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A lot of new text about configure switches.
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72
diff
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|
704 .[ |
cefaa856d431
A lot of new text about configure switches.
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diff
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|
705 posix 1992 |
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A lot of new text about configure switches.
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|
706 .] |
cefaa856d431
A lot of new text about configure switches.
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|
707 respectively.) |
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A lot of new text about configure switches.
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|
708 As a first step, these two tools were hard-coded as defaults. |
cefaa856d431
A lot of new text about configure switches.
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|
709 .Ci 5d43a99db70c12a673028c7758c20cbe3e13ef5f |
cefaa856d431
A lot of new text about configure switches.
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72
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|
710 Not changed were the |
cefaa856d431
A lot of new text about configure switches.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
72
diff
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|
711 .Pe editor |
cefaa856d431
A lot of new text about configure switches.
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parents:
72
diff
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|
712 and |
cefaa856d431
A lot of new text about configure switches.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
72
diff
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|
713 .Pe moreproc |
76
2e61e0004a8f
Rework of existing text.
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parents:
74
diff
changeset
|
714 profile entries, which allowed the user to override the system defaults. |
74
cefaa856d431
A lot of new text about configure switches.
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72
diff
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|
715 Later, the concept was reworked to respect the standard environment |
cefaa856d431
A lot of new text about configure switches.
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parents:
72
diff
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|
716 variables |
cefaa856d431
A lot of new text about configure switches.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
72
diff
changeset
|
717 .Ev VISUAL |
cefaa856d431
A lot of new text about configure switches.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
72
diff
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|
718 and |
cefaa856d431
A lot of new text about configure switches.
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72
diff
changeset
|
719 .Ev PAGER |
76
2e61e0004a8f
Rework of existing text.
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parents:
74
diff
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|
720 if they are set. |
74
cefaa856d431
A lot of new text about configure switches.
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72
diff
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|
721 Today, mmh determines the editor to use in the following order, |
cefaa856d431
A lot of new text about configure switches.
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72
diff
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|
722 taking the first available and non-empty item: |
cefaa856d431
A lot of new text about configure switches.
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72
diff
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|
723 .IP (1) |
cefaa856d431
A lot of new text about configure switches.
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parents:
72
diff
changeset
|
724 Environment variable |
cefaa856d431
A lot of new text about configure switches.
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72
diff
changeset
|
725 .Ev MMHEDITOR |
cefaa856d431
A lot of new text about configure switches.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
72
diff
changeset
|
726 .IP (2) |
cefaa856d431
A lot of new text about configure switches.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
72
diff
changeset
|
727 Profile entry |
cefaa856d431
A lot of new text about configure switches.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
72
diff
changeset
|
728 .Pe Editor |
cefaa856d431
A lot of new text about configure switches.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
72
diff
changeset
|
729 .IP (3) |
cefaa856d431
A lot of new text about configure switches.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
72
diff
changeset
|
730 Environment variable |
cefaa856d431
A lot of new text about configure switches.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
72
diff
changeset
|
731 .Ev VISUAL |
cefaa856d431
A lot of new text about configure switches.
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parents:
72
diff
changeset
|
732 .IP (4) |
cefaa856d431
A lot of new text about configure switches.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
72
diff
changeset
|
733 Environment variable |
cefaa856d431
A lot of new text about configure switches.
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parents:
72
diff
changeset
|
734 .Ev EDITOR |
cefaa856d431
A lot of new text about configure switches.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
72
diff
changeset
|
735 .IP (5) |
cefaa856d431
A lot of new text about configure switches.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
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72
diff
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|
736 Command |
cefaa856d431
A lot of new text about configure switches.
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72
diff
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|
737 .Pn vi . |
72
bae9273b5802
Wrote about configure options (not finished yet).
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69
diff
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|
738 .P |
76
2e61e0004a8f
Rework of existing text.
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74
diff
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|
739 .Ci f85f4b7ae62e3d05a945dcd46ead51f0a2a89a9b |
2e61e0004a8f
Rework of existing text.
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74
diff
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|
740 .P |
89 | 741 The pager to use is determined in a similar order, |
74
cefaa856d431
A lot of new text about configure switches.
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72
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|
742 also taking the first available and non-empty item: |
cefaa856d431
A lot of new text about configure switches.
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72
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|
743 .IP (1) |
cefaa856d431
A lot of new text about configure switches.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
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72
diff
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|
744 Environment variable |
cefaa856d431
A lot of new text about configure switches.
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parents:
72
diff
changeset
|
745 .Ev MMHPAGER |
cefaa856d431
A lot of new text about configure switches.
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72
diff
changeset
|
746 .IP (2) |
cefaa856d431
A lot of new text about configure switches.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
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72
diff
changeset
|
747 Profile entry |
cefaa856d431
A lot of new text about configure switches.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
72
diff
changeset
|
748 .Pe Pager |
cefaa856d431
A lot of new text about configure switches.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
72
diff
changeset
|
749 (replaces |
cefaa856d431
A lot of new text about configure switches.
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parents:
72
diff
changeset
|
750 .Pe moreproc ) |
cefaa856d431
A lot of new text about configure switches.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
72
diff
changeset
|
751 .IP (3) |
cefaa856d431
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markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
72
diff
changeset
|
752 Environment variable |
cefaa856d431
A lot of new text about configure switches.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
72
diff
changeset
|
753 .Ev PAGER |
cefaa856d431
A lot of new text about configure switches.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
72
diff
changeset
|
754 .IP (4) |
cefaa856d431
A lot of new text about configure switches.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
72
diff
changeset
|
755 Command |
cefaa856d431
A lot of new text about configure switches.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
72
diff
changeset
|
756 .Pn more . |
cefaa856d431
A lot of new text about configure switches.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
72
diff
changeset
|
757 .P |
cefaa856d431
A lot of new text about configure switches.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
72
diff
changeset
|
758 .Ci 0c4214ea2aec6497d0d67b436bbee9bc1d225f1e |
cefaa856d431
A lot of new text about configure switches.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
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72
diff
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|
759 .P |
76
2e61e0004a8f
Rework of existing text.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
74
diff
changeset
|
760 By respecting the |
74
cefaa856d431
A lot of new text about configure switches.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
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72
diff
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|
761 .Ev VISUAL /\c |
cefaa856d431
A lot of new text about configure switches.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
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72
diff
changeset
|
762 .Ev EDITOR |
cefaa856d431
A lot of new text about configure switches.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
72
diff
changeset
|
763 and |
cefaa856d431
A lot of new text about configure switches.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
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72
diff
changeset
|
764 .Ev PAGER |
76
2e61e0004a8f
Rework of existing text.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
74
diff
changeset
|
765 environment variables, |
2e61e0004a8f
Rework of existing text.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
74
diff
changeset
|
766 the new behavior confirms better to the common style on Unix systems. |
2e61e0004a8f
Rework of existing text.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
74
diff
changeset
|
767 Additionally, the new approach is more uniform and clearer to users. |
72
bae9273b5802
Wrote about configure options (not finished yet).
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
69
diff
changeset
|
768 |
74
cefaa856d431
A lot of new text about configure switches.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
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72
diff
changeset
|
769 |
76
2e61e0004a8f
Rework of existing text.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
74
diff
changeset
|
770 .U3 "ndbm |
74
cefaa856d431
A lot of new text about configure switches.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
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72
diff
changeset
|
771 .P |
cefaa856d431
A lot of new text about configure switches.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
72
diff
changeset
|
772 .Pn slocal |
78 | 773 used to depend on |
74
cefaa856d431
A lot of new text about configure switches.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
72
diff
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|
774 .I ndbm , |
cefaa856d431
A lot of new text about configure switches.
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72
diff
changeset
|
775 a database library. |
76
2e61e0004a8f
Rework of existing text.
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74
diff
changeset
|
776 The database is used to store the `\fLMessage-ID\fP's of all |
2e61e0004a8f
Rework of existing text.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
74
diff
changeset
|
777 messages delivered. |
74
cefaa856d431
A lot of new text about configure switches.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
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72
diff
changeset
|
778 This enables |
cefaa856d431
A lot of new text about configure switches.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
72
diff
changeset
|
779 .Pn slocal |
cefaa856d431
A lot of new text about configure switches.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
72
diff
changeset
|
780 to suppress delivering the same message to the same user twice. |
cefaa856d431
A lot of new text about configure switches.
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72
diff
changeset
|
781 (This features was enabled by the |
cefaa856d431
A lot of new text about configure switches.
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parents:
72
diff
changeset
|
782 .Sw -suppressdup |
cefaa856d431
A lot of new text about configure switches.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
72
diff
changeset
|
783 switch.) |
cefaa856d431
A lot of new text about configure switches.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
72
diff
changeset
|
784 .P |
100
6ae7dc4a3a02
Included changes proposed by Lydi.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
98
diff
changeset
|
785 A variety of versions of the database library exist. |
78 | 786 .[ |
787 wolter unix incompat notes dbm | |
788 .] | |
74
cefaa856d431
A lot of new text about configure switches.
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72
diff
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|
789 Complicated autoconf code was needed to detect them correctly. |
cefaa856d431
A lot of new text about configure switches.
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parents:
72
diff
changeset
|
790 Further more, the configure switches |
cefaa856d431
A lot of new text about configure switches.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
72
diff
changeset
|
791 .Sw --with-ndbm=ARG |
cefaa856d431
A lot of new text about configure switches.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
72
diff
changeset
|
792 and |
cefaa856d431
A lot of new text about configure switches.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
72
diff
changeset
|
793 .Sw --with-ndbmheader=ARG |
cefaa856d431
A lot of new text about configure switches.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
72
diff
changeset
|
794 were added to help with difficult setups that would |
78 | 795 not be detected automatically or correctly. |
72
bae9273b5802
Wrote about configure options (not finished yet).
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
69
diff
changeset
|
796 .P |
74
cefaa856d431
A lot of new text about configure switches.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
72
diff
changeset
|
797 By removing the suppress duplicates feature of |
cefaa856d431
A lot of new text about configure switches.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
72
diff
changeset
|
798 .Pn slocal , |
cefaa856d431
A lot of new text about configure switches.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
72
diff
changeset
|
799 the dependency on |
cefaa856d431
A lot of new text about configure switches.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
72
diff
changeset
|
800 .I ndbm |
78 | 801 vanished and 120 lines of complex autoconf code could be saved. |
74
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802 .Ci ecd6d6a20cb7a1507e3a20d6c4cb3a1cf14c6bbf |
89 | 803 The change removed functionality too, but that is minor to the |
78 | 804 improvement by dropping the dependency and the complex autoconf code. |
74
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|
805 |
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|
806 .U3 "mh-e Support |
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|
807 .P |
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|
808 The configure option |
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A lot of new text about configure switches.
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|
809 .Sw --disable-mhe |
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A lot of new text about configure switches.
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|
810 was removed when the mh-e support was reworked. |
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A lot of new text about configure switches.
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|
811 Mh-e is the Emacs front-end to MH. |
76
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812 It requires MH to provide minor additional functions. |
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Rework of existing text.
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|
813 The |
2e61e0004a8f
Rework of existing text.
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|
814 .Sw --disable-mhe |
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Rework of existing text.
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|
815 configure option could switch these extensions off. |
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Rework of existing text.
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|
816 After removing the support for old versions of mh-e, |
74
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A lot of new text about configure switches.
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|
817 only the |
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A lot of new text about configure switches.
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|
818 .Sw -build |
76
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Rework of existing text.
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|
819 switches of |
74
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A lot of new text about configure switches.
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|
820 .Pn forw |
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A lot of new text about configure switches.
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|
821 and |
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A lot of new text about configure switches.
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|
822 .Pn repl |
76
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823 are left to be mh-e extensions. |
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|
824 They are now always built in because they add little code and complexity. |
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|
825 In consequence, the |
74
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826 .Sw --disable-mhe |
76
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|
827 configure option was removed |
72
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Wrote about configure options (not finished yet).
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828 .Ci a7ce7b4a580d77b6c2c4d980812beb589aa4c643 |
74
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829 Removing the option removed a second code setup that would have |
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A lot of new text about configure switches.
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|
830 needed to be tested. |
76
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831 This change was first done in nmh and thereafter merged into mmh. |
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Rework of existing text.
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|
832 .P |
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Rework of existing text.
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|
833 The interface changes in mmh require mh-e to be adjusted in order |
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Rework of existing text.
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|
834 to be able to use mmh as back-end. |
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Rework of existing text.
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|
835 This will require minor changes to mh-e, but removing the |
2e61e0004a8f
Rework of existing text.
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|
836 .Sw -build |
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Rework of existing text.
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|
837 switches would require more rework. |
72
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Wrote about configure options (not finished yet).
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|
838 |
74
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839 .U3 "Masquerading |
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|
840 .P |
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A lot of new text about configure switches.
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|
841 The configure option |
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A lot of new text about configure switches.
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|
842 .Sw --enable-masquerade |
76
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843 could take up to three arguments: |
2e61e0004a8f
Rework of existing text.
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74
diff
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|
844 `draft_from', `mmailid', and `username_extension'. |
74
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845 They activated different types of address masquerading. |
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846 All of them were implemented in the SMTP-speaking |
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A lot of new text about configure switches.
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|
847 .Pn post |
76
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|
848 command, which provided an MSA. |
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|
849 Address masquerading is an MTA's task and mmh does not cover |
2e61e0004a8f
Rework of existing text.
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|
850 this field anymore. |
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Rework of existing text.
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|
851 Hence, true masquerading needs to be implemented in the external MTA. |
72
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Wrote about configure options (not finished yet).
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|
852 .P |
74
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A lot of new text about configure switches.
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|
853 The |
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A lot of new text about configure switches.
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|
854 .I mmailid |
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A lot of new text about configure switches.
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72
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|
855 masquerading type is the oldest one of the three and the only one |
cefaa856d431
A lot of new text about configure switches.
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|
856 available in the original MH. |
cefaa856d431
A lot of new text about configure switches.
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72
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|
857 It provided a |
cefaa856d431
A lot of new text about configure switches.
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|
858 .I username |
cefaa856d431
A lot of new text about configure switches.
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72
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|
859 to |
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A lot of new text about configure switches.
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|
860 .I fakeusername |
76
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Rework of existing text.
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diff
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|
861 mapping, based on the password file's GECOS field. |
74
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A lot of new text about configure switches.
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|
862 The man page |
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|
863 .Mp mh-tailor(5) |
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|
864 described the use case as being the following: |
98
d894191d7a33
style: Changed the block quote approach. New QS and QE.
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97
diff
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|
865 .QS |
74
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|
866 This is useful if you want the messages you send to always |
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|
867 appear to come from the name of an MTA alias rather than your |
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A lot of new text about configure switches.
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|
868 actual account name. For instance, many organizations set up |
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A lot of new text about configure switches.
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|
869 `First.Last' sendmail aliases for all users. If this is |
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A lot of new text about configure switches.
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|
870 the case, the GECOS field for each user should look like: |
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A lot of new text about configure switches.
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|
871 ``First [Middle] Last <First.Last>'' |
98
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|
872 .QE |
74
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|
873 .P |
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72
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|
874 As mmh sends outgoing mail via the local MTA only, |
76
2e61e0004a8f
Rework of existing text.
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74
diff
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|
875 the best location to do such global rewrites is there. |
74
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A lot of new text about configure switches.
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|
876 Besides, the MTA is conceptionally the right location because it |
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A lot of new text about configure switches.
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|
877 does the reverse mapping for incoming mail (aliasing), too. |
76
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Rework of existing text.
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diff
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|
878 Further more, masquerading set up there is readily available for all |
74
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|
879 mail software on the system. |
76
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Rework of existing text.
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74
diff
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|
880 Hence, mmailid masquerading was removed. |
74
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A lot of new text about configure switches.
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|
881 .Ci 0836c8000ccb34b59410ef1c15b1b7feac70ce5f |
cefaa856d431
A lot of new text about configure switches.
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72
diff
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|
882 .P |
cefaa856d431
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markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
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72
diff
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|
883 The |
cefaa856d431
A lot of new text about configure switches.
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72
diff
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|
884 .I username_extension |
76
2e61e0004a8f
Rework of existing text.
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74
diff
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|
885 masquerading type did not replace the username but would append a suffix, |
2e61e0004a8f
Rework of existing text.
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parents:
74
diff
changeset
|
886 specified by the |
74
cefaa856d431
A lot of new text about configure switches.
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72
diff
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|
887 .Ev USERNAME_EXTENSION |
76
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Rework of existing text.
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74
diff
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|
888 environment variable, to it. |
2e61e0004a8f
Rework of existing text.
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74
diff
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|
889 This provided support for the |
74
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72
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|
890 .I user-extension |
cefaa856d431
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72
diff
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|
891 feature of qmail and the similar |
cefaa856d431
A lot of new text about configure switches.
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72
diff
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|
892 .I "plussed user |
cefaa856d431
A lot of new text about configure switches.
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72
diff
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|
893 processing of sendmail. |
cefaa856d431
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72
diff
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|
894 The decision to remove this username_extension masquerading was |
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72
diff
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|
895 motivated by the fact that |
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|
896 .Pn spost |
76
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diff
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|
897 hadn't supported it already. |
2e61e0004a8f
Rework of existing text.
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74
diff
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|
898 .Ci 2abae0bfd0ad5bf898461e50aa4b466d641f23d9 |
2e61e0004a8f
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diff
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|
899 Username extensions are possible in mmh, but less convenient to use. |
2e61e0004a8f
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diff
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|
900 .\" XXX format file %(getenv USERNAME_EXTENSION) |
74
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|
901 .P |
cefaa856d431
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72
diff
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|
902 The |
cefaa856d431
A lot of new text about configure switches.
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72
diff
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|
903 .I draft_from |
cefaa856d431
A lot of new text about configure switches.
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72
diff
changeset
|
904 masquerading type instructed |
cefaa856d431
A lot of new text about configure switches.
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diff
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|
905 .Pn post |
84
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style: New macros .Ar (argument) and .Hd (header field)
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|
906 to use the value of the |
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907 .Hd From |
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style: New macros .Ar (argument) and .Hd (header field)
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|
908 header field as SMTP envelope sender. |
76
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diff
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|
909 Sender addresses could be replaced completely. |
74
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diff
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|
910 .Ci b14ea6073f77b4359aaf3fddd0e105989db9 |
76
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diff
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|
911 Mmh offers a kind of masquerading similar in effect, but |
74
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|
912 with technical differences. |
76
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diff
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|
913 As mmh does not transfer messages itself, the local MTA has final control |
2e61e0004a8f
Rework of existing text.
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|
914 over the sender's address. Any masquerading mmh introduces may be reverted |
2e61e0004a8f
Rework of existing text.
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74
diff
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|
915 by the MTA. |
2e61e0004a8f
Rework of existing text.
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74
diff
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|
916 In times of pedantic spam checking, an MTA will take care to use |
2e61e0004a8f
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|
917 sensible envelope sender addresses to keep its own reputation up. |
84
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style: New macros .Ar (argument) and .Hd (header field)
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|
918 Nonetheless, the MUA can set the |
c35ec2b7de5d
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|
919 .Hd From |
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style: New macros .Ar (argument) and .Hd (header field)
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diff
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|
920 header field and thereby propose |
76
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diff
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|
921 a sender address to the MTA. |
74
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922 The MTA may then decide to take that one or generate the canonical sender |
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923 address for use as envelope sender address. |
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924 .P |
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925 In mmh, the MTA will always extract the recipient and sender from the |
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926 message header (\c |
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927 .Pn sendmail 's |
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928 .Sw -t |
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929 switch). |
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930 The |
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931 .Hd From |
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932 header field of the draft may be set arbitrary by the user. |
74
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933 If it is missing, the canonical sender address will be generated by the MTA. |
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934 |
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935 .U3 "Remaining Options |
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936 .P |
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937 Two configure options remain in mmh. |
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938 One is the locking method to use: |
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939 .Sw --with-locking=[dot|fcntl|flock|lockf] . |
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940 The idea of removing all methods except the portable dot locking |
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941 and having that one as the default is appealing, but this change |
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942 requires deeper technical investigation into the topic. |
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943 The other option, |
74
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944 .Sw --enable-debug , |
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945 compiles the programs with debugging symbols and does not strip them. |
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946 This option is likely to stay. |
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947 |
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948 |
58
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949 |
63 | 950 |
100
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951 .H2 "Command Line Switches |
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952 .P |
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953 The command line switches of MH tools follow the X Window style. |
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954 They are words, introduced by a single dash. |
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955 For example: |
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956 .Cl "-truncate" . |
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957 Every program in mmh has two generic switches: |
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958 .Sw -help , |
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959 to print a short message on how to use the program, and |
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960 .Sw -Version , |
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961 to tell what version of mmh the program belongs to. |
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962 .P |
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963 Switches change the behavior of programs. |
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964 Programs that do one thing in one way require no switches. |
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965 In most cases, doing something in exactly one way is too limiting. |
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966 If there is basically one task to accomplish, but it should be done |
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967 in various ways, switches are a good approach to alter the behavior |
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968 of a program. |
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969 Changing the behavior of programs provides flexibility and customization |
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970 to users, but at the same time it complicates the code, documentation and |
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971 usage of the program. |
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972 .\" XXX: Ref |
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973 Therefore, the number of switches should be kept small. |
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974 A small set of well-chosen switches does no harm. |
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975 But usually, the number of switches increases over time. |
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976 Already in 1985, Rose and Romine have identified this as a major |
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977 problem of MH: |
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978 .[ [ |
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979 rose romine real work |
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980 .], p. 12] |
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981 .QS |
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982 A complaint often heard about systems which undergo substantial development |
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983 by many people over a number of years, is that more and more options are |
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984 introduced which add little to the functionality but greatly increase the |
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985 amount of information a user needs to know in order to get useful work done. |
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986 This is usually referred to as creeping featurism. |
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987 .QP |
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988 Unfortunately MH, having undergone six years of off-and-on development by |
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989 ten or so well-meaning programmers (the present authors included), |
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990 suffers mightily from this. |
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991 .QE |
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992 .P |
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993 Being reluctant to adding new switches \(en or `options', |
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994 as Rose and Romine call them \(en is one part of a counter-action, |
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995 the other part is removing hardly used switches. |
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996 Nmh's tools had lots of switches already implemented, |
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997 hence, cleaning up by removing some of them was the more important part |
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998 of the counter-action. |
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999 Removing existing functionality is always difficult because it |
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1000 breaks programs that use these functions. |
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1001 Also, for every obsolete feature, there'll always be someone who still |
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1002 uses it and thus opposes its removal. |
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1003 This puts the developer into the position, |
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1004 where sensible improvements to style are regarded as destructive acts. |
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1005 Yet, living with the featurism is far worse, in my eyes, because |
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1006 future needs will demand adding further features, |
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1007 worsening the situation more and more. |
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1008 Rose and Romine added in a footnote, |
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1009 ``[...] |
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1010 .Pn send |
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1011 will no doubt acquire an endless number of switches in the years to come.'' |
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1012 Although clearly humorous, the comment points to the nature of the problem. |
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1013 Refusing to add any new switches would encounter the problem at its root, |
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1014 but this is not practical. |
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1015 New needs will require new switches and it would be unwise to block |
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1016 them strictly. |
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1017 Nevertheless, removing obsolete switches still is an effective approach |
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1018 to deal with the problem. |
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1019 Working on an experimental branch without an established user base, |
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1020 eased my work because I did not offend users when I removed existing |
110 | 1021 functions. |
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1022 .P |
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1023 Rose and Romine counted 24 visible and 9 more hidden switches for |
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1024 .Pn send . |
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1025 In nmh, they increased up to 32 visible and 12 hidden ones. |
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1026 At the time of writing, no more than 7 visible switches and 1 hidden switch |
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1027 have remained in mmh's |
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1028 .Pn send . |
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1029 (These numbers include two generic switches, help and version.) |
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1030 .P |
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1031 Fig. XXX |
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1032 .\" XXX Ref |
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1033 displays the number of switches for each of the tools that is available |
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1034 in both, nmh and mmh. |
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1035 The tools are sorted by the number of switches they had in nmh. |
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1036 Visible and hidden switches were counted, |
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1037 but not the generic help and version switches. |
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1038 Whereas in the beginning of the project, the average tool had 11 switches, |
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1039 now it has no more than 5 \(en only half as many. |
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1040 If the `no' switches and similar inverse variant are folded onto |
100
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1041 their counter-parts, the average tool had 8 switches in pre-mmh times and |
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1042 has 4 now. |
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1043 The total number of functional switches in mmh dropped from 465 |
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1044 to 234. |
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1045 |
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1046 .KS |
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1047 .in 1c |
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1048 .so input/switches.grap |
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1049 .KE |
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1050 |
58
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|
1051 .P |
93
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1052 A part of the switches vanished after functions were removed. |
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1053 This was the case for network mail transfer, for instance. |
97
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1054 Sometimes, however, the work flow was the other way: |
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1055 I looked through the |
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1056 .Mp mh-chart (7) |
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1057 man page to identify the tools with apparently too many switches. |
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1058 Then considering the value of each of the switches by examining |
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1059 the tool's man page and source code, aided by recherche and testing. |
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1060 This way, the removal of functions was suggested by the aim to reduce |
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1061 the number of switches per command. |
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1062 |
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1063 |
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1064 .U3 "Draft Folder Facility |
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1065 .P |
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1066 A change early in the project was the complete transition from |
93
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1067 the single draft message to the draft folder facility. |
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1068 .Ci 337338b404931f06f0db2119c9e145e8ca5a9860 |
109
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1069 The draft folder facility was introduced in the mid-eighties, when |
100
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1070 Rose and Romine called it a ``relatively new feature''. |
93
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1071 .[ |
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1072 rose romine real work |
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1073 .] |
110 | 1074 Since then, the facility had existed but was inactive by default. |
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1075 The default activation and the related rework of the tools made it |
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1076 possible to remove the |
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1077 .Sw -[no]draftfolder , |
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1078 and |
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1079 .Sw -draftmessage |
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1080 switches from |
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1081 .Pn comp , |
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1082 .Pn repl , |
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1083 .Pn forw , |
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1084 .Pn dist , |
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1085 .Pn whatnow , |
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1086 and |
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1087 .Pn send . |
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1088 .Ci 337338b404931f06f0db2119c9e145e8ca5a9860 |
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1089 The only flexibility removed with this change is having multiple |
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1090 draft folders within one profile. |
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1091 I consider this a theoretical problem only. |
93
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1092 In the same go, the |
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1093 .Sw -draft |
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1094 switch of |
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1095 .Pn anno , |
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1096 .Pn refile , |
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1097 and |
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1098 .Pn send |
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1099 was removed. |
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1100 The special-casing of `the' draft message became irrelevant after |
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1101 the rework of the draft system. |
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1102 (See Sec. XXX.) |
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1103 Equally, |
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1104 .Pn comp |
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1105 lost its |
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1106 .Sw -file |
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|
1107 switch. |
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1108 The draft folder facility, together with the |
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1109 .Sw -form |
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1110 switch, are sufficient. |
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1111 |
95
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1112 |
102
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1113 .U3 "In Place Editing |
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1114 .P |
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1115 .Pn anno |
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1116 had the switches |
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1117 .Sw -[no]inplace |
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1118 to either annotate the message in place and thus preserve hard links, |
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1119 or annotate a copy to replace the original message, breaking hard links. |
97
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1120 Following the assumption that linked messages should truly be the |
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1121 same message, and annotating it should not break the link, the |
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1122 .Sw -[no]inplace |
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1123 switches were removed and the previous default |
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1124 .Sw -inplace |
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1125 was made the only behavior. |
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1126 .Ci c8195849d2e366c569271abb0f5f60f4ebf0b4d0 |
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1127 The |
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1128 .Sw -[no]inplace |
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1129 switches of |
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1130 .Pn repl , |
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1131 .Pn forw , |
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1132 and |
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1133 .Pn dist |
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1134 could be removed, too, as they were simply passed through to |
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1135 .Pn anno . |
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1136 .P |
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1137 .Pn burst |
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1138 also had |
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1139 .Sw -[no]inplace |
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1140 switches, but with different meaning. |
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1141 With |
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1142 .Sw -inplace , |
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1143 the digest had been replaced by the table of contents (i.e. the |
110 | 1144 introduction text) and the burst messages were placed right |
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1145 after this message, renumbering all following messages. |
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1146 Also, any trailing text of the digest was lost, though, |
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1147 in practice, it usually consists of an end-of-digest marker only. |
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1148 Nontheless, this behavior appeared less elegant than the |
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1149 .Sw -noinplace |
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1150 behavior, which already had been the default. |
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1151 Nmh's |
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1152 .Mp burst (1) |
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1153 man page reads: |
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1154 .sp \n(PDu |
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1155 .QS |
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1156 If -noinplace is given, each digest is preserved, no table |
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1157 of contents is produced, and the messages contained within |
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1158 the digest are placed at the end of the folder. Other messages |
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1159 are not tampered with in any way. |
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1160 .QE |
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1161 .LP |
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1162 The decision to drop the |
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1163 .Sw -inplace |
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1164 behavior was supported by the code complexity and the possible data loss |
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1165 it caused. |
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1166 .Sw -noinplace |
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1167 was chosen to be the definitive behavior. |
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1168 .Ci 68a686adeb39223a5e1ad35e4a24890ec053679d |
95
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1169 |
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1170 |
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1171 .U3 "Forms and Format Strings |
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1172 .P |
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1173 Historically, the tools that had |
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1174 .Sw -form |
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1175 switches to supply a form file had |
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1176 .Sw -format |
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1177 switches as well to supply the contents of a form file as a string |
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1178 on the command line directly. |
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1179 In consequence, the following two lines equaled: |
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1180 .VS |
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1181 scan -form scan.mailx |
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1182 scan -format "`cat .../scan.mailx`" |
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1183 VE |
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1184 The |
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1185 .Sw -format |
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1186 switches were dropped in favor for extending the |
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1187 .Sw -form |
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1188 switches. |
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1189 .Ci f51956be123db66b00138f80464d06f030dbb88d |
95
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1190 If their argument starts with an equal sign (`='), |
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1191 then the rest of the argument is taken as a format string, |
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1192 otherwise the arguments is treated as the name of a format file. |
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1193 Thus, now the following two lines equal: |
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1194 .VS |
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1195 scan -form scan.mailx |
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1196 scan -form "=`cat .../scan.mailx`" |
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1197 VE |
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1198 This rework removed the prefix collision between |
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1199 .Sw -form |
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1200 and |
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1201 .Sw -format . |
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1202 Now, typing |
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1203 .Sw -fo |
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1204 suffices to specify form or format string. |
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1205 .P |
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1206 The different meaning of |
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1207 .Sw -format |
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1208 for |
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1209 .Pn repl |
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1210 and |
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1211 .Pn forw |
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1212 was removed in mmh. |
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1213 .Pn forw |
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1214 was completely switched to MIME-type forwarding, thus removing the |
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1215 .Sw -[no]format . |
97
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1216 .Ci 6e271608b7b9c23771523f88d23a4d3593010cf1 |
95
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1217 For |
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1218 .Pn repl , |
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1219 the |
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1220 .Sw -[no]format |
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1221 switches were reworked to |
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1222 .Sw -[no]filter |
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1223 switches. |
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1224 .Ci 67411b1f95d6ec987b4c732459e1ba8a8ac192c6 |
95
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1225 The |
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1226 .Sw -format |
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1227 switches of |
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1228 .Pn send |
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1229 and |
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1230 .Pn post , |
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1231 which had a third meaning, |
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1232 were removed likewise. |
97
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1233 .Ci f3cb7cde0e6f10451b6848678d95860d512224b9 |
95
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1234 Eventually, the ambiguity of the |
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1235 .Sw -format |
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1236 switches was resolved by not anymore having any such switch in mmh. |
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1237 |
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1238 |
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1239 .U3 "MIME Tools |
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1240 .P |
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1241 The MIME tools, which were once part of |
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1242 .Pn mhn |
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1243 [sic!], |
95
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1244 had several switches that added little practical value to the programs. |
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1245 The |
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1246 .Sw -[no]realsize |
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1247 switches of |
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1248 .Pn mhbuild |
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1249 and |
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1250 .Pn mhlist |
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1251 were removed, doing real size calculations always now |
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1252 .Ci 8d8f1c3abc586c005c904e52c4adbfe694d2201c , |
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1253 as |
95
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1254 ``This provides an accurate count at the expense of a small delay.'' |
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1255 This small delay is not noticable on modern systems. |
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1256 .P |
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1257 The |
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1258 .Sw -[no]check |
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1259 switches were removed together with the support for |
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1260 .Hd Content-MD5 |
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1261 header fields. |
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1262 .[ |
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1263 rfc 1864 |
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1264 .] |
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1265 .Ci 31dc797eb5178970d68962ca8939da3fd9a8efda |
95
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1266 (See Sec. XXX) |
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1267 .P |
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1268 The |
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1269 .Sw -[no]ebcdicsafe |
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1270 and |
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1271 .Sw -[no]rfc934mode |
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1272 switches of |
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1273 .Pn mhbuild |
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1274 were removed because they are considered obsolete. |
97
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1275 .Ci 01a3480928da485b4d6109d36d751dfa71799d58 |
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1276 .Ci 3363e2624dce0eb8164cf8b3f1ab385c8ff72e88 |
95
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1277 .P |
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1278 Content caching of external MIME parts, activated with the |
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1279 .Sw -rcache |
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1280 and |
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1281 .Sw -wcache |
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1282 switches was completely removed. |
97
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1283 .Ci d1fefd9f614e4dc3cda16da6c69133c1b2005269 |
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1284 External MIME parts are rare today, having a caching facility |
96 | 1285 for them is appears to be unnecessary. |
95
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1286 .P |
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1287 In pre-MIME times, |
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1288 .Pn mhl |
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1289 had covered many tasks that are part of MIME handling today. |
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1290 Therefore, |
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1291 .Pn mhl |
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1292 could be simplified to a large extend, reducing the number of its |
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1293 switches from 21 to 6. |
97
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1294 .Ci 350ad6d3542a07639213cf2a4fe524e829c1e7b6 |
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1295 .Ci 0e46503be3c855bddaeae3843e1b659279c35d70 |
95
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1296 |
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1297 |
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1298 .U3 "Mail Transfer Switches |
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1299 .P |
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1300 With the removal of the mail transfer facilities, a lot of switches |
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1301 vanished automatically. |
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1302 .Pn inc |
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1303 lost 9 switches, namely |
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1304 .Sw -host , |
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1305 .Sw -port , |
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1306 .Sw -user , |
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1307 .Sw -proxy , |
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1308 .Sw -snoop , |
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1309 .Sw -[no]pack , |
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1310 as well as |
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1311 .Sw -sasl |
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1312 and |
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1313 .Sw -saslmech . |
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1314 .Pn send |
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1315 and |
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1316 .Pn post |
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1317 lost 11 switches each, namely |
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1318 .Sw -server , |
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1319 .Sw -port , |
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1320 .Sw -client , |
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1321 .Sw -user , |
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1322 .Sw -mail , |
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1323 .Sw -saml , |
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1324 .Sw -send , |
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1325 .Sw -soml , |
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1326 .Sw -snoop , |
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1327 as well as |
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1328 .Sw -sasl , |
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1329 .Sw -saslmech , |
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1330 and |
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1331 .Sw -tls . |
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1332 .Pn send |
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1333 had the switches only to pass them further to |
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1334 .Pn post , |
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1335 because the user would invoke |
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1336 .Pn post |
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1337 not directly, but through |
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1338 .Pn send . |
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1339 All these switches, except |
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1340 .Sw -snoop |
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1341 were usually defined as default switches in the user's profile, |
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1342 but hardly given in interactive usage. |
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1343 .P |
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1344 Of course, those switches did not really ``vanish'', but the configuration |
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1345 they did was handed over to external MSAs and MRAs. |
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1346 Instead of setting up the mail transfer in mmh, it is set up in |
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1347 external tools. |
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1348 Yet, this simplifies mmh. |
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1349 Specialized external tools will likely have simple configuration files. |
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1350 Hence, instead of having one complicated central configuration file, |
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1351 the configuration of each domain is separate. |
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1352 Although the user needs to learn to configure each of the tools, |
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1353 each configuration is likely much simpler. |
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1354 |
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1355 |
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1356 .U3 "Maildrop Formats |
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1357 .P |
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1358 With the removal of MMDF maildrop format support, |
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1359 .Pn packf |
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1360 and |
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1361 .Pn rcvpack |
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1362 no longer needed their |
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1363 .Sw -mbox |
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1364 and |
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1365 .Sw -mmdf |
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1366 switches. |
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1367 .Sw -mbox |
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1368 is the sole behavior now. |
97
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1369 .Ci 3916ab66ad5d183705ac12357621ea8661afd3c0 |
95
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1370 In the same go, |
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1371 .Pn packf |
97
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1372 and |
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1373 .Pn rcvpack |
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1374 were reworked (see Sec. XXX) and their |
95
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1375 .Sw -file |
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1376 switch became unnecessary. |
97
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1377 .Ci ca1023716d4c2ab890696f3e41fa0d94267a940e |
93
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1378 |
95
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1379 |
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1380 .U3 "Terminal Magic |
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1381 .P |
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1382 Mmh's tools will no longer clear the screen (\c |
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1383 .Pn scan 's |
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1384 and |
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1385 .Pn mhl 's |
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1386 .Sw -[no]clear |
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1387 switches |
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1388 .Ci e57b17343dcb3ff373ef4dd089fbe778f0c7c270 |
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1389 .Ci 943765e7ac5693ae177fd8d2b5a2440e53ce816e ). |
95
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1390 Neither will |
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1391 .Pn mhl |
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1392 ring the bell (\c |
97
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1393 .Sw -[no]bell |
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1394 .Ci e11983f44e59d8de236affa5b0d0d3067c192e24 ) |
95
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1395 nor page the output itself (\c |
97
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1396 .Sw -length |
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1397 .Ci 5b9d883db0318ed2b84bb82dee880d7381f99188 ). |
95
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1398 .P |
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1399 Generally, the pager to use is no longer specified with the |
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1400 .Sw -[no]moreproc |
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1401 command line switches for |
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1402 .Pn mhl |
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1403 and |
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1404 .Pn show /\c |
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1405 .Pn mhshow . |
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1406 .Ci 39e87a75b5c2d3572ec72e717720b44af291e88a |
95
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1407 .P |
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1408 .Pn prompter |
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1409 lost its |
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1410 .Sw -erase |
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1411 and |
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1412 .Sw -kill |
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1413 switches because today the terminal cares for the line editing keys. |
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1414 |
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|
1415 |
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1416 .U3 "Header Printing |
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1417 .P |
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|
1418 .Pn folder 's |
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1419 data output is self-explaining enough that |
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1420 displaying the header line makes few sense. |
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1421 Hence, the |
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1422 .Sw -[no]header |
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1423 switch was removed and headers are never printed. |
97
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1424 .Ci 601cc73d1fa05ce96faa728f036d6c51b91701c7 |
95
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1425 .P |
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|
1426 In |
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|
1427 .Pn mhlist , |
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1428 the |
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1429 .Sw -[no]header |
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1430 switches were removed, too. |
97
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1431 .Ci b24f96523aaf60e44e04a3ffb1d22e69a13a602f |
95
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1432 But in this case headers are always printed, |
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1433 because the output is not self-explaining. |
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|
1434 .P |
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|
1435 .Pn scan |
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|
1436 also had |
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1437 .Sw -[no]header |
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1438 switches. |
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1439 Printing the header had been sensible until the introduction of |
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1440 format strings made it impossible to display the column headings. |
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1441 Only the folder name and the current date remained to be printed. |
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1442 As this information can be perfectly retrieved by |
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1443 .Pn folder |
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|
1444 and |
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1445 .Pn date , |
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1446 consequently, the switches were removed. |
97
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1447 .Ci c477dc5d1d03fa6d9a8ab3dd3508c63cbddc044e |
95
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1448 .P |
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|
1449 By removing all |
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1450 .Sw -header |
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1451 switches, the collision with |
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|
1452 .Sw -help |
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|
1453 on the first two letters was resolved. |
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1454 Currently, |
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|
1455 .Sw -h |
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|
1456 evaluates to |
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|
1457 .Sw -help |
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|
1458 for all tools of mmh. |
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1459 |
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|
1460 |
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1461 .U3 "Suppressing Edits or the WhatNow Shell |
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1462 .P |
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1463 The |
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1464 .Sw -noedit |
100
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|
1465 switch of |
95
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|
1466 .Pn comp , |
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|
1467 .Pn repl , |
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|
1468 .Pn forw , |
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|
1469 .Pn dist , |
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diff
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|
1470 and |
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|
1471 .Pn whatnow |
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|
1472 was removed, but it can now be replaced by specifying |
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|
1473 .Sw -editor |
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|
1474 with an empty argument. |
97
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|
1475 .Ci 75fca31a5b9d5c1a99c74ab14c94438d8852fba9 |
95
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|
1476 (Specifying |
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|
1477 .Cl "-editor true |
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diff
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|
1478 is nearly the same, only differing by the previous editor being set.) |
93
093ccf39a45e
Write text about removal of switches; Included the grap figure.
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diff
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|
1479 .P |
95
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1480 The more important change is the removal of the |
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1481 .Sw -nowhatnowproc |
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1482 switch. |
97
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|
1483 .Ci ee4f43cf2ef0084ec698e4e87159a94c01940622 |
95
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1484 This switch had introduced an awkward behavior, as explained in nmh's |
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|
1485 man page for |
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|
1486 .Mp comp (1): |
98
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|
1487 .QS |
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1488 The \-editor editor switch indicates the editor to use for |
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diff
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1489 the initial edit. Upon exiting from the editor, comp will |
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diff
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|
1490 invoke the whatnow program. See whatnow(1) for a discussion |
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diff
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|
1491 of available options. The invocation of this program can be |
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|
1492 inhibited by using the \-nowhatnowproc switch. (In truth of |
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diff
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|
1493 fact, it is the whatnow program which starts the initial |
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diff
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|
1494 edit. Hence, \-nowhatnowproc will prevent any edit from |
95
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|
1495 occurring.) |
98
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|
1496 .QE |
95
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|
1497 .P |
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|
1498 Effectively, the |
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|
1499 .Sw -nowhatnowproc |
100
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|
1500 switch creates only a draft message. |
95
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|
1501 As |
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|
1502 .Cl "-whatnowproc true |
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|
1503 causes the same behavior, the |
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|
1504 .Sw -nowhatnowproc |
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|
1505 switch was removed for being redundant. |
100
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|
1506 Likely, the |
95
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1507 .Sw -nowhatnowproc |
100
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|
1508 switch was intended to be used by front-ends. |
95
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|
1509 |
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diff
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|
1510 |
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|
1511 .U3 "Compatibility Switches |
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diff
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|
1512 .BU |
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|
1513 The hidden |
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1514 .Sw -[no]total |
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1515 switches of |
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|
1516 .Pn flist . |
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1517 They were simply the inverse of the visible |
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1518 .Sw -[no]fast |
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|
1519 switches: |
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|
1520 .Sw -total |
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|
1521 was |
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1522 .Sw -nofast |
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diff
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|
1523 and |
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|
1524 .Sw -nototal |
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|
1525 was |
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1526 .Sw -fast . |
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|
1527 I removed the |
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1528 .Sw -[no]total |
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|
1529 legacy. |
97
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|
1530 .Ci ea21fe2c4bd23c639bef251398fae809875732ec |
95
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1531 .BU |
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|
1532 The |
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|
1533 .Sw -subject |
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diff
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|
1534 switch of |
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93
diff
changeset
|
1535 .Pn sortm |
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More text about switches.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
93
diff
changeset
|
1536 existed for compatibility only. |
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More text about switches.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
93
diff
changeset
|
1537 It can be fully replaced by |
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More text about switches.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
93
diff
changeset
|
1538 .Cl "-textfield subject |
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markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
93
diff
changeset
|
1539 thus it was removed. |
97
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Added references to commits.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
96
diff
changeset
|
1540 .Ci 00140a3c86e9def69d98ba2ffd4d6e50ef6326ea |
95
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More text about switches.
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diff
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|
1541 |
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More text about switches.
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93
diff
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|
1542 |
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More text about switches.
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parents:
93
diff
changeset
|
1543 .U3 "Various |
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More text about switches.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
93
diff
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|
1544 .BU |
96 | 1545 In order to avoid prefix collisions among switch names, the |
95
edac7e46a9f2
More text about switches.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
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93
diff
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|
1546 .Sw -version |
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More text about switches.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
93
diff
changeset
|
1547 switch was renamed to |
edac7e46a9f2
More text about switches.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
93
diff
changeset
|
1548 .Sw -Version |
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More text about switches.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
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93
diff
changeset
|
1549 (with capital `V'). |
97
29a7454fcded
Added references to commits.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
96
diff
changeset
|
1550 .Ci 32b2354dbaf4bf934936eb5b102a4a3d2fdd209a |
95
edac7e46a9f2
More text about switches.
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93
diff
changeset
|
1551 Every program has the |
edac7e46a9f2
More text about switches.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
93
diff
changeset
|
1552 .Sw -version |
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More text about switches.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
93
diff
changeset
|
1553 switch but its first three letters collided with the |
edac7e46a9f2
More text about switches.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
93
diff
changeset
|
1554 .Sw -verbose |
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More text about switches.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
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93
diff
changeset
|
1555 switch, present in many programs. |
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More text about switches.
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parents:
93
diff
changeset
|
1556 The rename solved this problem once for all. |
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More text about switches.
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93
diff
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|
1557 Although this rename breaks a basic interface, having the |
edac7e46a9f2
More text about switches.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
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93
diff
changeset
|
1558 .Sw -V |
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markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
93
diff
changeset
|
1559 abbreviation to display the version information, isn't all too bad. |
edac7e46a9f2
More text about switches.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
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93
diff
changeset
|
1560 .BU |
edac7e46a9f2
More text about switches.
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93
diff
changeset
|
1561 .Sw -[no]preserve |
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More text about switches.
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93
diff
changeset
|
1562 of |
edac7e46a9f2
More text about switches.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
93
diff
changeset
|
1563 .Pn refile |
edac7e46a9f2
More text about switches.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
93
diff
changeset
|
1564 was removed because what use was it anyway? |
98
d894191d7a33
style: Changed the block quote approach. New QS and QE.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
97
diff
changeset
|
1565 .QS |
95
edac7e46a9f2
More text about switches.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
93
diff
changeset
|
1566 Normally when a message is refiled, for each destination |
edac7e46a9f2
More text about switches.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
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93
diff
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|
1567 folder it is assigned the number which is one above the current |
edac7e46a9f2
More text about switches.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
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93
diff
changeset
|
1568 highest message number in that folder. Use of the |
edac7e46a9f2
More text about switches.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
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93
diff
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|
1569 \-preserv [sic!] switch will override this message renaming, and try |
edac7e46a9f2
More text about switches.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
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93
diff
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|
1570 to preserve the number of the message. If a conflict for a |
edac7e46a9f2
More text about switches.
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parents:
93
diff
changeset
|
1571 particular folder occurs when using the \-preserve switch, |
edac7e46a9f2
More text about switches.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
93
diff
changeset
|
1572 then refile will use the next available message number which |
edac7e46a9f2
More text about switches.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
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93
diff
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|
1573 is above the message number you wish to preserve. |
98
d894191d7a33
style: Changed the block quote approach. New QS and QE.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
97
diff
changeset
|
1574 .QE |
95
edac7e46a9f2
More text about switches.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
93
diff
changeset
|
1575 .BU |
edac7e46a9f2
More text about switches.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
93
diff
changeset
|
1576 The removal of the |
edac7e46a9f2
More text about switches.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
93
diff
changeset
|
1577 .Sw -[no]reverse |
edac7e46a9f2
More text about switches.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
93
diff
changeset
|
1578 switches of |
edac7e46a9f2
More text about switches.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
93
diff
changeset
|
1579 .Pn scan |
97
29a7454fcded
Added references to commits.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
96
diff
changeset
|
1580 .Ci 8edc5aaf86f9f77124664f6801bc6c6cdf258173 |
95
edac7e46a9f2
More text about switches.
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parents:
93
diff
changeset
|
1581 is a bug fix, supported by the comments |
edac7e46a9f2
More text about switches.
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93
diff
changeset
|
1582 ``\-[no]reverse under #ifdef BERK (I really HATE this)'' |
edac7e46a9f2
More text about switches.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
93
diff
changeset
|
1583 by Rose and |
edac7e46a9f2
More text about switches.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
93
diff
changeset
|
1584 ``Lists messages in reverse order with the `\-reverse' switch. |
edac7e46a9f2
More text about switches.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
93
diff
changeset
|
1585 This should be considered a bug.'' by Romine in the documentation. |
97
29a7454fcded
Added references to commits.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
96
diff
changeset
|
1586 The question remains why neither Rose and Romine had fixed this |
109
2b094b8fb422
Rework of existing text.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
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108
diff
changeset
|
1587 bug in the eighties when they wrote these comments nor has anyone |
95
edac7e46a9f2
More text about switches.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
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93
diff
changeset
|
1588 thereafter. |
58
814c33b96d89
Restructured the content in ch03.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
51
diff
changeset
|
1589 |
814c33b96d89
Restructured the content in ch03.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
51
diff
changeset
|
1590 |
93
093ccf39a45e
Write text about removal of switches; Included the grap figure.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
89
diff
changeset
|
1591 .ig |
58
814c33b96d89
Restructured the content in ch03.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
51
diff
changeset
|
1592 |
95
edac7e46a9f2
More text about switches.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
93
diff
changeset
|
1593 forw: [no]dashstuffing(mhl) |
93
093ccf39a45e
Write text about removal of switches; Included the grap figure.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
89
diff
changeset
|
1594 |
95
edac7e46a9f2
More text about switches.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
93
diff
changeset
|
1595 mhshow: [no]pause [no]serialonly |
93
093ccf39a45e
Write text about removal of switches; Included the grap figure.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
89
diff
changeset
|
1596 |
093ccf39a45e
Write text about removal of switches; Included the grap figure.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
89
diff
changeset
|
1597 mhmail: resent queued |
093ccf39a45e
Write text about removal of switches; Included the grap figure.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
89
diff
changeset
|
1598 inc: snoop, (pop) |
093ccf39a45e
Write text about removal of switches; Included the grap figure.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
89
diff
changeset
|
1599 |
95
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More text about switches.
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parents:
93
diff
changeset
|
1600 mhl: [no]faceproc folder sleep |
93
093ccf39a45e
Write text about removal of switches; Included the grap figure.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
89
diff
changeset
|
1601 [no]dashstuffing(forw) digest list volume number issue number |
093ccf39a45e
Write text about removal of switches; Included the grap figure.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
89
diff
changeset
|
1602 |
95
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More text about switches.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
93
diff
changeset
|
1603 prompter: [no]doteof |
93
093ccf39a45e
Write text about removal of switches; Included the grap figure.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
89
diff
changeset
|
1604 |
093ccf39a45e
Write text about removal of switches; Included the grap figure.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
89
diff
changeset
|
1605 refile: [no]preserve [no]unlink [no]rmmproc |
093ccf39a45e
Write text about removal of switches; Included the grap figure.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
89
diff
changeset
|
1606 |
95
edac7e46a9f2
More text about switches.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
93
diff
changeset
|
1607 send: [no]forward [no]mime [no]msgid |
93
093ccf39a45e
Write text about removal of switches; Included the grap figure.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
89
diff
changeset
|
1608 [no]push split [no]unique (sasl) width snoop [no]dashstuffing |
093ccf39a45e
Write text about removal of switches; Included the grap figure.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
89
diff
changeset
|
1609 attach attachformat |
093ccf39a45e
Write text about removal of switches; Included the grap figure.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
89
diff
changeset
|
1610 whatnow: (noedit) attach |
093ccf39a45e
Write text about removal of switches; Included the grap figure.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
89
diff
changeset
|
1611 |
093ccf39a45e
Write text about removal of switches; Included the grap figure.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
89
diff
changeset
|
1612 slocal: [no]suppressdups |
093ccf39a45e
Write text about removal of switches; Included the grap figure.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
89
diff
changeset
|
1613 |
95
edac7e46a9f2
More text about switches.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
93
diff
changeset
|
1614 spost: [no]filter [no]backup width [no]push idanno |
93
093ccf39a45e
Write text about removal of switches; Included the grap figure.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
89
diff
changeset
|
1615 [no]check(whom) whom(whom) |
093ccf39a45e
Write text about removal of switches; Included the grap figure.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
89
diff
changeset
|
1616 |
093ccf39a45e
Write text about removal of switches; Included the grap figure.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
89
diff
changeset
|
1617 whom: ??? |
093ccf39a45e
Write text about removal of switches; Included the grap figure.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
89
diff
changeset
|
1618 |
95
edac7e46a9f2
More text about switches.
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parents:
93
diff
changeset
|
1619 .. |
93
093ccf39a45e
Write text about removal of switches; Included the grap figure.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
89
diff
changeset
|
1620 |
093ccf39a45e
Write text about removal of switches; Included the grap figure.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
89
diff
changeset
|
1621 |
093ccf39a45e
Write text about removal of switches; Included the grap figure.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
89
diff
changeset
|
1622 .ig |
093ccf39a45e
Write text about removal of switches; Included the grap figure.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
89
diff
changeset
|
1623 |
093ccf39a45e
Write text about removal of switches; Included the grap figure.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
89
diff
changeset
|
1624 .P |
093ccf39a45e
Write text about removal of switches; Included the grap figure.
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parents:
89
diff
changeset
|
1625 In the best case, all switches are unambiguous on the first character, |
093ccf39a45e
Write text about removal of switches; Included the grap figure.
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parents:
89
diff
changeset
|
1626 or on the three-letter prefix for the `no' variants. |
96 | 1627 Reducing switch prefix collisions, shortens the necessary prefix length |
93
093ccf39a45e
Write text about removal of switches; Included the grap figure.
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parents:
89
diff
changeset
|
1628 the user must type. |
093ccf39a45e
Write text about removal of switches; Included the grap figure.
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parents:
89
diff
changeset
|
1629 Having less switches helps best. |
093ccf39a45e
Write text about removal of switches; Included the grap figure.
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parents:
89
diff
changeset
|
1630 |
093ccf39a45e
Write text about removal of switches; Included the grap figure.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
89
diff
changeset
|
1631 .. |
58
814c33b96d89
Restructured the content in ch03.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
51
diff
changeset
|
1632 |
95
edac7e46a9f2
More text about switches.
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93
diff
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|
1633 |
102
a782488c85f5
More text about attachments mainly, plus some rearrangements.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
101
diff
changeset
|
1634 .\" XXX: whatnow prompt commands |
a782488c85f5
More text about attachments mainly, plus some rearrangements.
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parents:
101
diff
changeset
|
1635 |
a782488c85f5
More text about attachments mainly, plus some rearrangements.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
101
diff
changeset
|
1636 |
95
edac7e46a9f2
More text about switches.
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parents:
93
diff
changeset
|
1637 |
edac7e46a9f2
More text about switches.
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parents:
93
diff
changeset
|
1638 |
74
cefaa856d431
A lot of new text about configure switches.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
72
diff
changeset
|
1639 .H1 "Modernizing |
102
a782488c85f5
More text about attachments mainly, plus some rearrangements.
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101
diff
changeset
|
1640 .P |
118
48e28eaee6f9
Wrote intro to Modernizing and new text about Code Style.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
116
diff
changeset
|
1641 In the over thirty years of MH's existence, its code base was |
48e28eaee6f9
Wrote intro to Modernizing and new text about Code Style.
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116
diff
changeset
|
1642 extended more and more. |
48e28eaee6f9
Wrote intro to Modernizing and new text about Code Style.
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116
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changeset
|
1643 New features entered the project and became alternatives to the |
48e28eaee6f9
Wrote intro to Modernizing and new text about Code Style.
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116
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|
1644 existing behavior. |
48e28eaee6f9
Wrote intro to Modernizing and new text about Code Style.
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116
diff
changeset
|
1645 Relicts from several decades have gathered in the code base, |
48e28eaee6f9
Wrote intro to Modernizing and new text about Code Style.
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116
diff
changeset
|
1646 but seldom obsolete features were dropped. |
48e28eaee6f9
Wrote intro to Modernizing and new text about Code Style.
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116
diff
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|
1647 This section describes the removing of old code |
48e28eaee6f9
Wrote intro to Modernizing and new text about Code Style.
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116
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|
1648 and the modernizing of the default setup. |
48e28eaee6f9
Wrote intro to Modernizing and new text about Code Style.
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116
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|
1649 It focuses on the functional aspect only; |
48e28eaee6f9
Wrote intro to Modernizing and new text about Code Style.
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116
diff
changeset
|
1650 the non-functional aspects of code style are discussed in |
48e28eaee6f9
Wrote intro to Modernizing and new text about Code Style.
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116
diff
changeset
|
1651 .\" FIXME REF |
48e28eaee6f9
Wrote intro to Modernizing and new text about Code Style.
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116
diff
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|
1652 Sec. XXX. |
58
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Restructured the content in ch03.
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parents:
51
diff
changeset
|
1653 |
814c33b96d89
Restructured the content in ch03.
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parents:
51
diff
changeset
|
1654 |
100
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1655 .H2 "Code Relicts |
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1656 .P |
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1657 My position to drop obsolete functions of mmh, in order to remove old code, |
104 | 1658 is much more revolutional than the nmh community likes to have it. |
1659 Working on an experimental version, I was able to quickly drop | |
1660 functionality I considered ancient. | |
1661 The need for consensus with peers would have slowed this process down. | |
1662 Without the need to justify my decisions, I was able to rush forward. | |
110 | 1663 In December 2011, Paul Vixie motivated the nmh developers to just |
104 | 1664 do the work: |
1665 .[ | |
1666 paul vixie edginess nmh-workers | |
1667 .] | |
1668 .QS | |
1669 let's stop walking on egg shells with this code base. there's no need to | |
1670 discuss whether to keep using vfork, just note in [sic!] passing, [...] | |
1671 we don't need a separate branch for removing vmh | |
1672 or ridding ourselves of #ifdef's or removing posix replacement functions | |
1673 or depending on pure ansi/posix "libc". | |
1674 .QP | |
1675 these things should each be a day or two of work and the "main branch" | |
1676 should just be modern. [...] | |
1677 let's push forward, aggressively. | |
1678 .QE | |
1679 .LP | |
1680 I did so already in the months before. | |
1681 I pushed forward. | |
1682 I simply dropped the cruft. | |
1683 .P | |
1684 The decision to drop a feature was based on literature research and | |
1685 careful thinking, but whether having had contact to this particular | |
1686 feature within my own computer life served as a rule of thumb. | |
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1687 Always, I explained my reasons in the commit messages |
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1688 in the version control system. |
104 | 1689 Hence, others can comprehend my view and argue for undoing the change |
1690 if I have missed an important aspect. | |
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1691 I was quick in dropping parts. |
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1692 I rather re-included falsely dropped parts than going a slower pace. |
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1693 Mmh is experimental work; it required tough decisions. |
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1694 |
102
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1695 |
104 | 1696 .U3 "Forking |
0
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1697 .P |
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1698 Being a tool chest, MH creates many processes. |
104 | 1699 In earlier times |
1700 .Fu fork() | |
1701 had been an expensive system call, because the process's image needed | |
1702 to be duplicated completely at once. | |
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1703 This was especially painful in the common case when the image gets |
104 | 1704 replaced by a call to |
1705 .Fu exec() | |
1706 right after having forked the child process. | |
1707 The | |
1708 .Fu vfork() | |
1709 system call was invented to speed up this particular case. | |
1710 It completely omits the duplication of the image. | |
1711 On old systems this resulted in significant speed ups. | |
1712 Therefore MH used | |
1713 .Fu vfork() | |
1714 whenever possible. | |
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1715 .P |
104 | 1716 Modern memory management units support copy-on-write semantics, which make |
1717 .Fu fork() | |
1718 almost as fast as | |
1719 .Fu vfork() . | |
1720 The man page of | |
1721 .Mp vfork (2) | |
1722 in FreeBSD 8.0 states: | |
1723 .QS | |
1724 This system call will be eliminated when proper system sharing mechanisms | |
1725 are implemented. Users should not depend on the memory sharing semantics | |
1726 of vfork() as it will, in that case, be made synonymous to fork(2). | |
1727 .QE | |
1728 .LP | |
1729 Vixie supports the removal with the note that ``the last | |
1730 system on which fork was so slow that an mh user would notice it, was | |
1731 Eunice. that was 1987''. | |
1732 .[ | |
1733 nmh-workers vixie edginess | |
1734 .] | |
1735 I replaced all calls to | |
1736 .Fu vfork() | |
1737 with calls to | |
1738 .Fu fork() . | |
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1739 .Ci 40821f5c1316e9205a08375e7075909cc9968e7d |
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1740 .P |
104 | 1741 Related to the costs of |
1742 .Fu fork() | |
1743 is the probability of its success. | |
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1744 In the eighties, on heavy loaded systems, calls to |
104 | 1745 .Fu fork() |
1746 were prone to failure. | |
1747 Hence, many of the | |
1748 .Fu fork() | |
1749 calls in the code were wrapped into loops to retry the | |
1750 .Fu fork() | |
109
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1751 several times, to increase the changes to succeed, eventually. |
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1752 On modern systems, a failing |
104 | 1753 .Fu fork() |
109
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1754 call is unusual. |
104 | 1755 Hence, in the rare case when |
1756 .Fu fork() | |
1757 fails, mmh programs simply abort. | |
109
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1758 .Ci 5fbf37ee68e018998ada61eeab73e035b26834b6 |
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1759 |
104 | 1760 |
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1761 .U3 "Header Fields |
104 | 1762 .BU |
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1763 The |
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1764 .Hd Encrypted |
104 | 1765 header field was introduced by RFC\|822, |
109
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1766 but already marked as legacy in RFC\|2822. |
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1767 Today, OpenPGP provides the basis for standardized exchange of encrypted |
104 | 1768 messages [RFC\|4880, RFC\|3156]. |
109
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1769 Hence, the support for |
104 | 1770 .Hd Encrypted |
1771 header fields is removed in mmh. | |
109
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1772 .Ci 064527f7b57ab050e5af13e15ad99aeeab125857 |
104 | 1773 .BU |
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1774 Native support for |
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1775 .Hd Face |
104 | 1776 header fields has been removed, as well. |
109
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1777 .Ci 8e5be81f784682822f5e868c1bf3c8624682bd23 |
104 | 1778 This feature is similar to the |
84
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1779 .Hd X-Face |
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1780 header field in its intent, |
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1781 but takes a different approach to store the image. |
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1782 Instead of encoding the image data directly into the header field, |
109
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1783 it contains the hostname and UDP port where the image |
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1784 date can be retrieved. |
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1785 There exists even a third Face system, |
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1786 which is the successor of |
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1787 .Hd X-Face , |
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1788 although it re-uses the |
84
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1789 .Hd Face |
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1790 header field. |
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1791 It was invented in 2005 and supports colored PNG images. |
104 | 1792 None of the Face systems described here is popular today. |
1793 Hence, mmh has no direct support for them. | |
1794 .BU | |
1795 The | |
1796 .Hd Content-MD5 | |
1797 header field was introduced by RFC\|1864. | |
1798 It provides detection of data corruption during the transfer. | |
1799 But it can not ensure verbatim end-to-end delivery of the contents | |
1800 [RFC\|1864]. | |
1801 The proper approach to verify content integrity in an | |
1802 end-to-end relationship is the use of digital cryptography. | |
1803 .\" XXX (RFCs FIXME). | |
1804 On the other hand, transfer protocols should detect corruption during | |
109
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1805 the transmission. |
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1806 The TCP includes a checksum field therefore. |
104 | 1807 These two approaches in combinations render the |
1808 .Hd Content-MD5 | |
1809 header field superfluous. | |
109
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1810 Not a single one out of 4\|200 messages from two decades |
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1811 in an nmh-workers mailing list archive contains a |
84
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1812 .Hd Content-MD5 |
104 | 1813 header field. |
1814 Neither did any of the 60\|000 messages in my personal mail storage. | |
1815 Removing the support for this header field, | |
1816 removed the last place where MD5 computation was needed. | |
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1817 .Ci 31dc797eb5178970d68962ca8939da3fd9a8efda |
104 | 1818 Hence, the MD5 code could be removed as well. |
1819 Over 500 lines of code vanished by this one change. | |
1820 | |
1821 | |
1822 .U3 "MMDF maildrop support | |
1823 .P | |
1824 This type of format is conceptionally similar to the mbox format, | |
1825 but uses a different message delimiter (`\fL^A^A^A^A\fP' instead of | |
1826 `\fLFrom\0\fP'). | |
1827 Mbox is the de-facto standard maildrop format on Unix, | |
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1828 whereas the MMDF maildrop format became forgotten. |
104 | 1829 I did drop MMDF maildrop format support. |
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1830 Mbox is the only packed mailbox format supported in mmh. |
104 | 1831 .P |
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1832 The simplifications within the code were moderate. |
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1833 Mainly, the reading and writing of MMDF mailbox files was removed. |
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1834 But also, switches of |
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1835 .Pn packf |
104 | 1836 and |
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1837 .Pn rcvpack |
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1838 could be removed. |
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1839 .Ci 3916ab66ad5d183705ac12357621ea8661afd3c0 |
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1840 In the message parsing function |
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1841 .Fn sbr/m_getfld.c , |
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1842 knowledge of MMDF packed mail boxes was removed. |
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1843 .Ci 684ec30d81e1223a282764452f4902ed4ad1c754 |
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1844 Further code structure simplifications may be possible there, |
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1845 because only one single packed mailbox format is left to be supported. |
104 | 1846 I have not worked on them yet because |
1847 .Fu m_getfld() | |
1848 is heavily optimized and thus dangerous to touch. | |
1849 The risk of damaging the intricate workings of the optimized code is | |
1850 too high. | |
1851 .\" XXX: move somewhere else | |
1852 This problem is know to the developers of nmh, too. | |
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1853 They also avoid touching this minefield. |
104 | 1854 |
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1855 |
101
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1856 .U3 "Prompter's Control Keys |
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1857 .P |
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1858 The program |
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1859 .Pn prompter |
104 | 1860 queries the user to fill in a message form. |
1861 When used by | |
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1862 .Pn comp |
104 | 1863 as |
1864 .Cl "comp -editor prompter" , | |
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1865 the resulting behavior is similar to |
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1866 .Pn mailx . |
51 | 1867 Apparently, |
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1868 .Pn prompter |
104 | 1869 hadn't been touched lately. |
1870 Otherwise it's hardly explainable why it | |
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1871 still offered the switches |
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1872 .Sw -erase |
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1873 .Ar chr |
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1874 and |
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1875 .Sw -kill |
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1876 .Ar chr |
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1877 to name the characters for command line editing. |
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1878 The times when this had been necessary are long time gone. |
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1879 Today these things work out-of-the-box, and if not, are configured |
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1880 with the standard tool |
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1881 .Pn stty . |
104 | 1882 The switches are removed now |
1883 .Ci 0bd9750710cdbab80cfb4036dd87af20afe1552f . | |
20
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19
diff
changeset
|
1884 |
104 | 1885 |
109
2b094b8fb422
Rework of existing text.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
108
diff
changeset
|
1886 .U3 "Hardcopy Terminal Support |
21
bb8a8be49024
Wrote about Face support and vfork().
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
20
diff
changeset
|
1887 .P |
109
2b094b8fb422
Rework of existing text.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
108
diff
changeset
|
1888 More of a funny anecdote is a check for being connected to a |
2b094b8fb422
Rework of existing text.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
108
diff
changeset
|
1889 hardcopy terminal. |
2b094b8fb422
Rework of existing text.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
108
diff
changeset
|
1890 It remained in the code until Spring 2012, when I finally removed it |
104 | 1891 .Ci b7764c4a6b71d37918a97594d866258f154017ca . |
109
2b094b8fb422
Rework of existing text.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
108
diff
changeset
|
1892 I would be truly happy to see such a terminal in action today, |
2b094b8fb422
Rework of existing text.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
108
diff
changeset
|
1893 maybe even being able to work on it. |
2b094b8fb422
Rework of existing text.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
108
diff
changeset
|
1894 But I fear my chances are null. |
21
bb8a8be49024
Wrote about Face support and vfork().
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
20
diff
changeset
|
1895 .P |
109
2b094b8fb422
Rework of existing text.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
108
diff
changeset
|
1896 The check only prevented a pager to be placed between the printing |
104 | 1897 program (\c |
1898 .Pn mhl ) | |
1899 and the terminal. | |
109
2b094b8fb422
Rework of existing text.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
108
diff
changeset
|
1900 In nmh, this could have been ensured statically with the |
104 | 1901 .Sw -nomoreproc |
109
2b094b8fb422
Rework of existing text.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
108
diff
changeset
|
1902 at the command line, too. |
121
edbc6e1dc636
New text on Standard Libraries plus spellchecking.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
120
diff
changeset
|
1903 In mmh, setting the profile entry |
104 | 1904 .Pe Pager |
1905 or the environment variable | |
1906 .Ev PAGER | |
1907 to | |
109
2b094b8fb422
Rework of existing text.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
108
diff
changeset
|
1908 .Pn cat |
2b094b8fb422
Rework of existing text.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
108
diff
changeset
|
1909 does the job. |
104 | 1910 |
1911 | |
21
bb8a8be49024
Wrote about Face support and vfork().
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
20
diff
changeset
|
1912 |
12
7ca384d68edc
Wrote some text for removal of old code.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
0
diff
changeset
|
1913 |
58
814c33b96d89
Restructured the content in ch03.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
51
diff
changeset
|
1914 .H2 "Attachments |
22
99409e4546d2
Wrote about the removal of tools.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
21
diff
changeset
|
1915 .P |
101
e8e6adb14beb
Wrote about attachments.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
100
diff
changeset
|
1916 The mind model of email attachments is unrelated to MIME. |
e8e6adb14beb
Wrote about attachments.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
100
diff
changeset
|
1917 Although the MIME RFCs (2045 through 2049) define the technical |
109
2b094b8fb422
Rework of existing text.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
108
diff
changeset
|
1918 requirements for having attachments, they do not mention the word |
101
e8e6adb14beb
Wrote about attachments.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
100
diff
changeset
|
1919 ``attachment''. |
e8e6adb14beb
Wrote about attachments.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
100
diff
changeset
|
1920 Instead of attachments, MIME talks about ``multi-part message bodies'' |
e8e6adb14beb
Wrote about attachments.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
100
diff
changeset
|
1921 [RFC\|2045], a more general concept. |
e8e6adb14beb
Wrote about attachments.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
100
diff
changeset
|
1922 Multi-part messages are messages |
e8e6adb14beb
Wrote about attachments.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
100
diff
changeset
|
1923 ``in which one or more different |
e8e6adb14beb
Wrote about attachments.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
100
diff
changeset
|
1924 sets of data are combined in a single body'' |
e8e6adb14beb
Wrote about attachments.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
100
diff
changeset
|
1925 [RFC\|2046]. |
e8e6adb14beb
Wrote about attachments.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
100
diff
changeset
|
1926 MIME keeps its descriptions generic; |
e8e6adb14beb
Wrote about attachments.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
100
diff
changeset
|
1927 it does not imply specific usage models. |
109
2b094b8fb422
Rework of existing text.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
108
diff
changeset
|
1928 One usage model became prevalent: attachments. |
101
e8e6adb14beb
Wrote about attachments.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
100
diff
changeset
|
1929 The idea is having a main text document with files of arbitrary kind |
e8e6adb14beb
Wrote about attachments.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
100
diff
changeset
|
1930 attached to it. |
e8e6adb14beb
Wrote about attachments.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
100
diff
changeset
|
1931 In MIME terms, this is a multi-part message having a text part first |
110 | 1932 and parts of arbitrary type following. |
101
e8e6adb14beb
Wrote about attachments.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
100
diff
changeset
|
1933 .P |
e8e6adb14beb
Wrote about attachments.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
100
diff
changeset
|
1934 MH's MIME support is a direct implementation of the RFCs. |
e8e6adb14beb
Wrote about attachments.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
100
diff
changeset
|
1935 The perception of the topic described in the RFCs is clearly visible |
e8e6adb14beb
Wrote about attachments.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
100
diff
changeset
|
1936 in MH's implementation. |
109
2b094b8fb422
Rework of existing text.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
108
diff
changeset
|
1937 In result, MH had all the MIME features but no idea of attachments. |
2b094b8fb422
Rework of existing text.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
108
diff
changeset
|
1938 But users don't need all the MIME features, |
2b094b8fb422
Rework of existing text.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
108
diff
changeset
|
1939 they want convenient attachment handling. |
2b094b8fb422
Rework of existing text.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
108
diff
changeset
|
1940 |
102
a782488c85f5
More text about attachments mainly, plus some rearrangements.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
101
diff
changeset
|
1941 |
a782488c85f5
More text about attachments mainly, plus some rearrangements.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
101
diff
changeset
|
1942 .U3 "Composing MIME Messages |
a782488c85f5
More text about attachments mainly, plus some rearrangements.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
101
diff
changeset
|
1943 .P |
a782488c85f5
More text about attachments mainly, plus some rearrangements.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
101
diff
changeset
|
1944 In order to improve the situation on the message composing side, |
a782488c85f5
More text about attachments mainly, plus some rearrangements.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
101
diff
changeset
|
1945 Jon Steinhart had added an attachment system to nmh in 2002. |
101
e8e6adb14beb
Wrote about attachments.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
100
diff
changeset
|
1946 .Ci 7480dbc14bc90f2d872d434205c0784704213252 |
102
a782488c85f5
More text about attachments mainly, plus some rearrangements.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
101
diff
changeset
|
1947 In the file |
a782488c85f5
More text about attachments mainly, plus some rearrangements.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
101
diff
changeset
|
1948 .Fn docs/README-ATTACHMENTS , |
a782488c85f5
More text about attachments mainly, plus some rearrangements.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
101
diff
changeset
|
1949 he described his motivation to do so as such: |
101
e8e6adb14beb
Wrote about attachments.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
100
diff
changeset
|
1950 .QS |
e8e6adb14beb
Wrote about attachments.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
100
diff
changeset
|
1951 Although nmh contains the necessary functionality for MIME message handing, |
e8e6adb14beb
Wrote about attachments.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
100
diff
changeset
|
1952 the interface to this functionality is pretty obtuse. |
e8e6adb14beb
Wrote about attachments.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
100
diff
changeset
|
1953 There's no way that I'm ever going to convince my partner to write |
e8e6adb14beb
Wrote about attachments.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
100
diff
changeset
|
1954 .Pn mhbuild |
e8e6adb14beb
Wrote about attachments.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
100
diff
changeset
|
1955 composition files! |
e8e6adb14beb
Wrote about attachments.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
100
diff
changeset
|
1956 .QE |
102
a782488c85f5
More text about attachments mainly, plus some rearrangements.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
101
diff
changeset
|
1957 .LP |
a782488c85f5
More text about attachments mainly, plus some rearrangements.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
101
diff
changeset
|
1958 With this change, the mind model of attachments entered nmh. |
a782488c85f5
More text about attachments mainly, plus some rearrangements.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
101
diff
changeset
|
1959 In the same document: |
101
e8e6adb14beb
Wrote about attachments.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
100
diff
changeset
|
1960 .QS |
e8e6adb14beb
Wrote about attachments.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
100
diff
changeset
|
1961 These changes simplify the task of managing attachments on draft files. |
e8e6adb14beb
Wrote about attachments.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
100
diff
changeset
|
1962 They allow attachments to be added, listed, and deleted. |
e8e6adb14beb
Wrote about attachments.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
100
diff
changeset
|
1963 MIME messages are automatically created when drafts with attachments |
e8e6adb14beb
Wrote about attachments.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
100
diff
changeset
|
1964 are sent. |
e8e6adb14beb
Wrote about attachments.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
100
diff
changeset
|
1965 .QE |
102
a782488c85f5
More text about attachments mainly, plus some rearrangements.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
101
diff
changeset
|
1966 .LP |
a782488c85f5
More text about attachments mainly, plus some rearrangements.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
101
diff
changeset
|
1967 Unfortunately, the attachment system, |
a782488c85f5
More text about attachments mainly, plus some rearrangements.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
101
diff
changeset
|
1968 like any new facilities in nmh, |
110 | 1969 was inactive by default. |
101
e8e6adb14beb
Wrote about attachments.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
100
diff
changeset
|
1970 .P |
e8e6adb14beb
Wrote about attachments.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
100
diff
changeset
|
1971 During my work in Argentina, I tried to improve the attachment system. |
102
a782488c85f5
More text about attachments mainly, plus some rearrangements.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
101
diff
changeset
|
1972 But, because of great opposition in the nmh community, |
a782488c85f5
More text about attachments mainly, plus some rearrangements.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
101
diff
changeset
|
1973 my patch died as a proposal on the mailing list, after long discussions. |
101
e8e6adb14beb
Wrote about attachments.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
100
diff
changeset
|
1974 .[ |
e8e6adb14beb
Wrote about attachments.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
100
diff
changeset
|
1975 nmh-workers attachment proposal |
e8e6adb14beb
Wrote about attachments.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
100
diff
changeset
|
1976 .] |
110 | 1977 In January 2012, I extended the patch and applied it to mmh. |
101
e8e6adb14beb
Wrote about attachments.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
100
diff
changeset
|
1978 .Ci 8ff284ff9167eff8f5349481529332d59ed913b1 |
e8e6adb14beb
Wrote about attachments.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
100
diff
changeset
|
1979 In mmh, the attachment system is active by default. |
102
a782488c85f5
More text about attachments mainly, plus some rearrangements.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
101
diff
changeset
|
1980 Instead of command line switches, the |
101
e8e6adb14beb
Wrote about attachments.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
100
diff
changeset
|
1981 .Pe Attachment-Header |
102
a782488c85f5
More text about attachments mainly, plus some rearrangements.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
101
diff
changeset
|
1982 profile entry is used to specify |
a782488c85f5
More text about attachments mainly, plus some rearrangements.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
101
diff
changeset
|
1983 the name of the attachment header field. |
a782488c85f5
More text about attachments mainly, plus some rearrangements.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
101
diff
changeset
|
1984 It is pre-defined to |
a782488c85f5
More text about attachments mainly, plus some rearrangements.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
101
diff
changeset
|
1985 .Hd Attach . |
a782488c85f5
More text about attachments mainly, plus some rearrangements.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
101
diff
changeset
|
1986 .P |
101
e8e6adb14beb
Wrote about attachments.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
100
diff
changeset
|
1987 To add an attachment to a draft, simply add an attachment header: |
e8e6adb14beb
Wrote about attachments.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
100
diff
changeset
|
1988 .VS |
e8e6adb14beb
Wrote about attachments.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
100
diff
changeset
|
1989 To: bob |
e8e6adb14beb
Wrote about attachments.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
100
diff
changeset
|
1990 Subject: The file you wanted |
e8e6adb14beb
Wrote about attachments.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
100
diff
changeset
|
1991 Attach: /path/to/the/file-bob-wanted |
e8e6adb14beb
Wrote about attachments.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
100
diff
changeset
|
1992 -------- |
e8e6adb14beb
Wrote about attachments.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
100
diff
changeset
|
1993 Here it is. |
e8e6adb14beb
Wrote about attachments.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
100
diff
changeset
|
1994 VE |
e8e6adb14beb
Wrote about attachments.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
100
diff
changeset
|
1995 The header field can be added to the draft manually in the editor, |
102
a782488c85f5
More text about attachments mainly, plus some rearrangements.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
101
diff
changeset
|
1996 or by using the `attach' command at the WhatNow prompt, or |
a782488c85f5
More text about attachments mainly, plus some rearrangements.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
101
diff
changeset
|
1997 non-interactively with |
101
e8e6adb14beb
Wrote about attachments.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
100
diff
changeset
|
1998 .Pn anno : |
e8e6adb14beb
Wrote about attachments.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
100
diff
changeset
|
1999 .VS |
102
a782488c85f5
More text about attachments mainly, plus some rearrangements.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
101
diff
changeset
|
2000 anno -append -nodate -component Attach -text /path/to/attachment |
101
e8e6adb14beb
Wrote about attachments.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
100
diff
changeset
|
2001 VE |
102
a782488c85f5
More text about attachments mainly, plus some rearrangements.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
101
diff
changeset
|
2002 Drafts with attachment headers are converted to MIME automatically by |
a782488c85f5
More text about attachments mainly, plus some rearrangements.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
101
diff
changeset
|
2003 .Pn send . |
a782488c85f5
More text about attachments mainly, plus some rearrangements.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
101
diff
changeset
|
2004 The conversion to MIME is invisible to the user. |
a782488c85f5
More text about attachments mainly, plus some rearrangements.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
101
diff
changeset
|
2005 The draft stored in the draft folder is always in source form, with |
101
e8e6adb14beb
Wrote about attachments.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
100
diff
changeset
|
2006 attachment headers. |
e8e6adb14beb
Wrote about attachments.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
100
diff
changeset
|
2007 If the MIMEification fails, for instance because the file to attach |
e8e6adb14beb
Wrote about attachments.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
100
diff
changeset
|
2008 is not accessible, the original draft is not changed. |
e8e6adb14beb
Wrote about attachments.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
100
diff
changeset
|
2009 .P |
102
a782488c85f5
More text about attachments mainly, plus some rearrangements.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
101
diff
changeset
|
2010 The attachment system handles the forwarding of messages, too. |
101
e8e6adb14beb
Wrote about attachments.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
100
diff
changeset
|
2011 If the attachment header value starts with a plus character (`+'), |
e8e6adb14beb
Wrote about attachments.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
100
diff
changeset
|
2012 like in |
e8e6adb14beb
Wrote about attachments.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
100
diff
changeset
|
2013 .Cl "Attach: +bob 30 42" , |
e8e6adb14beb
Wrote about attachments.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
100
diff
changeset
|
2014 The given messages in the specified folder will be attached. |
e8e6adb14beb
Wrote about attachments.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
100
diff
changeset
|
2015 This allowed to simplify |
e8e6adb14beb
Wrote about attachments.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
100
diff
changeset
|
2016 .Pn forw . |
e8e6adb14beb
Wrote about attachments.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
100
diff
changeset
|
2017 .Ci f41f04cf4ceca7355232cf7413e59afafccc9550 |
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2018 .P |
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2019 Closely related to attachments is non-ASCII text content, |
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2020 because it requires MIME too. |
102
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2021 In nmh, the user needed to call `mime' at the WhatNow prompt |
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2022 to have the draft converted to MIME. |
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2023 This was necessary whenever the draft contained non-ASCII characters. |
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2024 If the user did not call `mime', a broken message would be sent. |
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2025 Therefore, the |
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2026 .Pe automimeproc |
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2027 profile entry could be specified to have the `mime' command invoked |
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2028 automatically each time. |
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2029 Unfortunately, this approach conflicted with with attachment system |
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2030 because the draft would already be in MIME format at the time |
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2031 when the attachment system wanted to MIMEify it. |
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2032 To use nmh's attachment system, `mime' must not be called at the |
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2033 WhatNow prompt and |
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2034 .Pe automimeproc |
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2035 must not be set in the profile. |
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2036 But then the case of non-ASCII text without attachment headers was |
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2037 not caught. |
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2038 All in all, the solution was complex and irritating. |
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2039 My patch from December 2010 would have simplified the situation. |
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2040 .P |
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2041 Mmh's current solution is even more elaborate. |
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2042 Any necessary MIMEification is done automatically. |
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2043 There is no `mime' command at the WhatNow prompt anymore. |
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2044 The draft will be converted automatically to MIME when either an |
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2045 attachment header or non-ASCII text is present. |
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2046 Further more, the special meaning of the hash character (`#') |
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2047 at line beginnings in the draft message is removed. |
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2048 Users need not at all deal with the whole topic. |
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2049 .P |
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2050 Although the new approach does not anymore support arbitrary MIME |
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2051 compositions directly, the full power of |
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2052 .Pn mhbuild |
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2053 can still be accessed. |
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2054 Given no attachment headers are included, the user can create |
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2055 .Pn mhbuild |
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2056 composition drafts like in nmh. |
101
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2057 Then, at the WhatNow prompt, he needs to invoke |
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2058 .Cl "edit mhbuild |
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2059 to convert it to MIME. |
110 | 2060 Because the resulting draft does neither contain non-ASCII characters |
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2061 nor has it attachment headers, the attachment system will not touch it. |
101
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2062 .P |
121
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2063 The approach taken in mmh is tailored towards todays most common case: |
101
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2064 a text part with possibly attachments. |
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2065 This case is simplified a lot for users. |
101
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2066 |
112
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2067 |
102
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2068 .U3 "MIME Type Guessing |
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2069 .P |
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2070 The use of |
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2071 .Pn mhbuild |
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2072 composition drafts had one notable advantage over attachment headers |
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2073 from the programmer's point of view: The user provides the appropriate |
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2074 MIME types for files to include. |
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2075 The attachment system needs to find out the correct MIME type itself. |
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2076 This is a difficult task, yet it spares the user irritating work. |
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2077 Determining the correct MIME type of content is partly mechanical, |
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2078 partly intelligent work. |
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2079 Forcing the user to find out the correct MIME type, |
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2080 forces him to do partly mechanical work. |
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2081 Letting the computer do the work, can lead to bad choices for difficult |
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2082 content. |
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2083 For mmh, the latter option was chosen. |
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2084 .P |
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2085 Determining the MIME type by the suffix of the file name is a dumb |
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2086 approach, yet it is simple to implement and provides good results |
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2087 for the common cases. |
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2088 Mmh implements this approach in the |
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2089 .Pn print-mimetype |
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2090 script. |
112
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2091 .Ci 4b5944268ea0da7bb30598a27857304758ea9b44 |
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2092 Using it is the default choice. |
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2093 .P |
112
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2094 A far better, though less portable, approach is the use of |
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2095 .Pn file . |
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2096 This standard tool tries to determine the type of files. |
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2097 Unfortunately, its capabilities and accuracy varies from system to system. |
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2098 Additionally, its output was only intended for human beings, |
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2099 but not to be used by programs. |
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2100 It varies much. |
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2101 Nevertheless, modern versions of GNU |
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2102 .Pn file , |
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2103 which is prevalent on the popular GNU/Linux systems, |
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2104 provides MIME type output in machine-readable form. |
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2105 Although this solution is highly system-dependent, |
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2106 it solves the difficult problem well. |
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2107 On systems where GNU |
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2108 .Pn file , |
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2109 version 5.04 or higher, is available it should be used. |
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2110 One needs to specify the following profile entry to do so: |
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2111 .Ci 3baec236a39c5c89a9bda8dbd988d643a21decc6 |
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2112 .VS |
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2113 Mime-Type-Query: file -b --mime |
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2114 VE |
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2115 .LP |
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2116 Other versions of |
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2117 .Pn file |
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2118 might possibly be usable with wrapper scripts to reformat the output. |
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2119 The diversity among |
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2120 .Pn file |
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2121 implementations is great; one needs to check the local variant. |
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2122 .P |
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2123 If no MIME type can be determined, text content gets sent as |
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2124 `text/plain' and anything else under the generic fall-back type |
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2125 `application/octet-stream'. |
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2126 It is not possible in mmh to override the automatic MIME type guessing |
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2127 for a specific file. |
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2128 To do so, the user would need to know in advance for which file |
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2129 the automatic guessing does fail, or the system would require interaction. |
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2130 I consider both cases impractical. |
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2131 The existing solution should be sufficient. |
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More text about attachments mainly, plus some rearrangements.
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parents:
101
diff
changeset
|
2132 If not, the user may always fall back to |
a782488c85f5
More text about attachments mainly, plus some rearrangements.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
101
diff
changeset
|
2133 .Pn mhbuild |
a782488c85f5
More text about attachments mainly, plus some rearrangements.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
101
diff
changeset
|
2134 composition drafts and ignore the attachment system. |
a782488c85f5
More text about attachments mainly, plus some rearrangements.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
101
diff
changeset
|
2135 |
a782488c85f5
More text about attachments mainly, plus some rearrangements.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
101
diff
changeset
|
2136 |
a782488c85f5
More text about attachments mainly, plus some rearrangements.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
101
diff
changeset
|
2137 .U3 "Storing Attachments |
a782488c85f5
More text about attachments mainly, plus some rearrangements.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
101
diff
changeset
|
2138 .P |
108
dd5620bf8659
Wrote about storing attachments.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
107
diff
changeset
|
2139 Extracting MIME parts of a message and storing them to disk is done by |
dd5620bf8659
Wrote about storing attachments.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
107
diff
changeset
|
2140 .Pn mhstore . |
dd5620bf8659
Wrote about storing attachments.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
107
diff
changeset
|
2141 The program has two operation modes, |
dd5620bf8659
Wrote about storing attachments.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
107
diff
changeset
|
2142 .Sw -auto |
dd5620bf8659
Wrote about storing attachments.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
107
diff
changeset
|
2143 and |
dd5620bf8659
Wrote about storing attachments.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
107
diff
changeset
|
2144 .Sw -noauto . |
dd5620bf8659
Wrote about storing attachments.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
107
diff
changeset
|
2145 With the former one, each part is stored under the filename given in the |
dd5620bf8659
Wrote about storing attachments.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
107
diff
changeset
|
2146 MIME part's meta information, if available. |
dd5620bf8659
Wrote about storing attachments.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
107
diff
changeset
|
2147 This naming information is usually available for modern attachments. |
dd5620bf8659
Wrote about storing attachments.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
107
diff
changeset
|
2148 If no filename is available, this MIME part is stored as if |
dd5620bf8659
Wrote about storing attachments.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
107
diff
changeset
|
2149 .Sw -noauto |
dd5620bf8659
Wrote about storing attachments.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
107
diff
changeset
|
2150 would have been specified. |
dd5620bf8659
Wrote about storing attachments.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
107
diff
changeset
|
2151 In the |
dd5620bf8659
Wrote about storing attachments.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
107
diff
changeset
|
2152 .Sw -noauto |
dd5620bf8659
Wrote about storing attachments.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
107
diff
changeset
|
2153 mode, the parts are processed according to rules, defined by |
dd5620bf8659
Wrote about storing attachments.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
107
diff
changeset
|
2154 .Pe mhstore-store-* |
dd5620bf8659
Wrote about storing attachments.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
107
diff
changeset
|
2155 profile entries. |
dd5620bf8659
Wrote about storing attachments.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
107
diff
changeset
|
2156 These rules define generic filename templates for storing |
dd5620bf8659
Wrote about storing attachments.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
107
diff
changeset
|
2157 or commands to post-process the contents in arbitrary ways. |
dd5620bf8659
Wrote about storing attachments.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
107
diff
changeset
|
2158 If no matching rule is available the part is stored under a generic |
dd5620bf8659
Wrote about storing attachments.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
107
diff
changeset
|
2159 filename, built from message number, MIME part number, and MIME type. |
dd5620bf8659
Wrote about storing attachments.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
107
diff
changeset
|
2160 .P |
dd5620bf8659
Wrote about storing attachments.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
107
diff
changeset
|
2161 The |
dd5620bf8659
Wrote about storing attachments.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
107
diff
changeset
|
2162 .Sw -noauto |
dd5620bf8659
Wrote about storing attachments.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
107
diff
changeset
|
2163 mode had been the default in nmh because it was considered safe, |
dd5620bf8659
Wrote about storing attachments.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
107
diff
changeset
|
2164 in contrast to the |
dd5620bf8659
Wrote about storing attachments.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
107
diff
changeset
|
2165 .Sw -auto |
dd5620bf8659
Wrote about storing attachments.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
107
diff
changeset
|
2166 mode. |
dd5620bf8659
Wrote about storing attachments.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
107
diff
changeset
|
2167 In mmh, |
dd5620bf8659
Wrote about storing attachments.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
107
diff
changeset
|
2168 .Sw -auto |
dd5620bf8659
Wrote about storing attachments.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
107
diff
changeset
|
2169 is not dangerous anymore. |
dd5620bf8659
Wrote about storing attachments.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
107
diff
changeset
|
2170 Two changes were necessary: |
dd5620bf8659
Wrote about storing attachments.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
107
diff
changeset
|
2171 .BU |
dd5620bf8659
Wrote about storing attachments.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
107
diff
changeset
|
2172 Any directory path is removed from the proposed filename. |
dd5620bf8659
Wrote about storing attachments.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
107
diff
changeset
|
2173 Thus, the files are always stored in the expected directory. |
dd5620bf8659
Wrote about storing attachments.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
107
diff
changeset
|
2174 .Ci 41b6eadbcecf63c9a66aa5e582011987494abefb |
dd5620bf8659
Wrote about storing attachments.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
107
diff
changeset
|
2175 .BU |
dd5620bf8659
Wrote about storing attachments.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
107
diff
changeset
|
2176 Tar files are not extracted automatically any more. |
dd5620bf8659
Wrote about storing attachments.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
107
diff
changeset
|
2177 Thus, the rest of the file system will not be touched. |
dd5620bf8659
Wrote about storing attachments.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
107
diff
changeset
|
2178 .Ci 94c80042eae3383c812d9552089953f9846b1bb6 |
dd5620bf8659
Wrote about storing attachments.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
107
diff
changeset
|
2179 .LP |
dd5620bf8659
Wrote about storing attachments.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
107
diff
changeset
|
2180 Now, the outcome of mmh's |
dd5620bf8659
Wrote about storing attachments.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
107
diff
changeset
|
2181 .Cl "mhstore -auto |
110 | 2182 can be foreseen from the output of |
108
dd5620bf8659
Wrote about storing attachments.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
107
diff
changeset
|
2183 .Cl "mhlist -verbose" . |
dd5620bf8659
Wrote about storing attachments.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
107
diff
changeset
|
2184 .P |
dd5620bf8659
Wrote about storing attachments.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
107
diff
changeset
|
2185 The |
dd5620bf8659
Wrote about storing attachments.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
107
diff
changeset
|
2186 .Sw -noauto |
dd5620bf8659
Wrote about storing attachments.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
107
diff
changeset
|
2187 mode is seen to be more powerful but less convenient. |
dd5620bf8659
Wrote about storing attachments.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
107
diff
changeset
|
2188 On the other hand, |
dd5620bf8659
Wrote about storing attachments.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
107
diff
changeset
|
2189 .Sw -auto |
dd5620bf8659
Wrote about storing attachments.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
107
diff
changeset
|
2190 is safe now and |
dd5620bf8659
Wrote about storing attachments.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
107
diff
changeset
|
2191 storing attachments under their original name is intuitive. |
dd5620bf8659
Wrote about storing attachments.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
107
diff
changeset
|
2192 Hence, |
dd5620bf8659
Wrote about storing attachments.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
107
diff
changeset
|
2193 .Sw -auto |
dd5620bf8659
Wrote about storing attachments.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
107
diff
changeset
|
2194 serves better as the default option. |
dd5620bf8659
Wrote about storing attachments.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
107
diff
changeset
|
2195 .Ci 3410b680416c49a7617491af38bc1929855a331d |
dd5620bf8659
Wrote about storing attachments.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
107
diff
changeset
|
2196 .P |
dd5620bf8659
Wrote about storing attachments.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
107
diff
changeset
|
2197 Files are stored into the directory given by the |
dd5620bf8659
Wrote about storing attachments.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
107
diff
changeset
|
2198 .Pe Nmh-Storage |
dd5620bf8659
Wrote about storing attachments.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
107
diff
changeset
|
2199 profile entry, if set, or |
dd5620bf8659
Wrote about storing attachments.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
107
diff
changeset
|
2200 into the current working directory, otherwise. |
dd5620bf8659
Wrote about storing attachments.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
107
diff
changeset
|
2201 Storing to different directories is only possible with |
dd5620bf8659
Wrote about storing attachments.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
107
diff
changeset
|
2202 .Pe mhstore-store-* |
dd5620bf8659
Wrote about storing attachments.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
107
diff
changeset
|
2203 profile entries. |
dd5620bf8659
Wrote about storing attachments.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
107
diff
changeset
|
2204 .P |
dd5620bf8659
Wrote about storing attachments.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
107
diff
changeset
|
2205 Still, in both modes, existing files get overwritten silently. |
dd5620bf8659
Wrote about storing attachments.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
107
diff
changeset
|
2206 This can be considered a bug. |
dd5620bf8659
Wrote about storing attachments.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
107
diff
changeset
|
2207 Yet, each other behavior has its draw-backs, too. |
dd5620bf8659
Wrote about storing attachments.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
107
diff
changeset
|
2208 Refusing to replace files requires adding a |
dd5620bf8659
Wrote about storing attachments.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
107
diff
changeset
|
2209 .Sw -force |
dd5620bf8659
Wrote about storing attachments.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
107
diff
changeset
|
2210 option. |
dd5620bf8659
Wrote about storing attachments.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
107
diff
changeset
|
2211 Users will likely need to invoke |
dd5620bf8659
Wrote about storing attachments.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
107
diff
changeset
|
2212 .Pn mhstore |
dd5620bf8659
Wrote about storing attachments.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
107
diff
changeset
|
2213 a second time with |
dd5620bf8659
Wrote about storing attachments.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
107
diff
changeset
|
2214 .Sw -force |
dd5620bf8659
Wrote about storing attachments.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
107
diff
changeset
|
2215 then. |
dd5620bf8659
Wrote about storing attachments.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
107
diff
changeset
|
2216 Eventually, only the user can decide in the concrete case. |
dd5620bf8659
Wrote about storing attachments.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
107
diff
changeset
|
2217 This requires interaction, which I like to avoid if possible. |
dd5620bf8659
Wrote about storing attachments.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
107
diff
changeset
|
2218 Appending a unique suffix to the filename is another bad option. |
dd5620bf8659
Wrote about storing attachments.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
107
diff
changeset
|
2219 For now, the behavior remains as it is. |
dd5620bf8659
Wrote about storing attachments.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
107
diff
changeset
|
2220 .P |
dd5620bf8659
Wrote about storing attachments.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
107
diff
changeset
|
2221 In mmh, only MIME parts of type message are special in |
dd5620bf8659
Wrote about storing attachments.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
107
diff
changeset
|
2222 .Pn mhstore 's |
dd5620bf8659
Wrote about storing attachments.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
107
diff
changeset
|
2223 .Sw -auto |
dd5620bf8659
Wrote about storing attachments.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
107
diff
changeset
|
2224 mode. |
dd5620bf8659
Wrote about storing attachments.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
107
diff
changeset
|
2225 Instead of storing message/rfc822 parts as files to disk, |
dd5620bf8659
Wrote about storing attachments.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
107
diff
changeset
|
2226 they are stored as messages into the current mail folder. |
dd5620bf8659
Wrote about storing attachments.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
107
diff
changeset
|
2227 The same applies to message/partial, only, the parts are reassembled |
dd5620bf8659
Wrote about storing attachments.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
107
diff
changeset
|
2228 automatically before. |
dd5620bf8659
Wrote about storing attachments.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
107
diff
changeset
|
2229 Parts of type message/external-body are not automatically retrieved |
dd5620bf8659
Wrote about storing attachments.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
107
diff
changeset
|
2230 anymore. Instead, Information on how to retrieve them is output. |
dd5620bf8659
Wrote about storing attachments.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
107
diff
changeset
|
2231 Not supporting this rare case saved nearly one thousand lines of code. |
dd5620bf8659
Wrote about storing attachments.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
107
diff
changeset
|
2232 .Ci 55e1d8c654ee0f7c45b9361ce34617983b454c32 |
dd5620bf8659
Wrote about storing attachments.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
107
diff
changeset
|
2233 .\" XXX mention somewhere else too: (The profile entry `nmh-access-ftp' |
dd5620bf8659
Wrote about storing attachments.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
107
diff
changeset
|
2234 .\" and sbr/ruserpass.c for reading ~/.netrc are gone now.) |
dd5620bf8659
Wrote about storing attachments.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
107
diff
changeset
|
2235 Not special anymore is `application/octet-stream; type=tar'. |
dd5620bf8659
Wrote about storing attachments.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
107
diff
changeset
|
2236 Automatically extracting such MIME parts had been the dangerous part |
dd5620bf8659
Wrote about storing attachments.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
107
diff
changeset
|
2237 of the |
dd5620bf8659
Wrote about storing attachments.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
107
diff
changeset
|
2238 .Sw -auto |
dd5620bf8659
Wrote about storing attachments.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
107
diff
changeset
|
2239 mode. |
dd5620bf8659
Wrote about storing attachments.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
107
diff
changeset
|
2240 .Ci 94c80042eae3383c812d9552089953f9846b1bb6 |
dd5620bf8659
Wrote about storing attachments.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
107
diff
changeset
|
2241 |
102
a782488c85f5
More text about attachments mainly, plus some rearrangements.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
101
diff
changeset
|
2242 |
a782488c85f5
More text about attachments mainly, plus some rearrangements.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
101
diff
changeset
|
2243 |
a782488c85f5
More text about attachments mainly, plus some rearrangements.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
101
diff
changeset
|
2244 .U3 "Showing MIME Messages |
a782488c85f5
More text about attachments mainly, plus some rearrangements.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
101
diff
changeset
|
2245 .P |
114
92cbd3fa1c40
Wrote text about displaying mime messages.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
112
diff
changeset
|
2246 The program |
92cbd3fa1c40
Wrote text about displaying mime messages.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
112
diff
changeset
|
2247 .Pn mhshow |
92cbd3fa1c40
Wrote text about displaying mime messages.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
112
diff
changeset
|
2248 had been written to display MIME messages. |
92cbd3fa1c40
Wrote text about displaying mime messages.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
112
diff
changeset
|
2249 It implemented the conceptional view of the MIME RFCs. |
92cbd3fa1c40
Wrote text about displaying mime messages.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
112
diff
changeset
|
2250 Nmh's |
92cbd3fa1c40
Wrote text about displaying mime messages.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
112
diff
changeset
|
2251 .Pn mhshow |
92cbd3fa1c40
Wrote text about displaying mime messages.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
112
diff
changeset
|
2252 handled each MIME part independently, presenting them separately |
92cbd3fa1c40
Wrote text about displaying mime messages.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
112
diff
changeset
|
2253 to the user. |
92cbd3fa1c40
Wrote text about displaying mime messages.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
112
diff
changeset
|
2254 This does not match today's understanding of email attachments, |
92cbd3fa1c40
Wrote text about displaying mime messages.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
112
diff
changeset
|
2255 where displaying a message is seen to be a single, integrated operation. |
92cbd3fa1c40
Wrote text about displaying mime messages.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
112
diff
changeset
|
2256 Today, email messages are expected to consist of a main text part |
92cbd3fa1c40
Wrote text about displaying mime messages.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
112
diff
changeset
|
2257 plus possibly attachments. |
92cbd3fa1c40
Wrote text about displaying mime messages.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
112
diff
changeset
|
2258 They are not any more seen to be arbitrary MIME hierarchies with |
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2259 information on how to display the individual parts. |
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Wrote text about displaying mime messages.
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diff
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|
2260 I adjusted |
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Wrote text about displaying mime messages.
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diff
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|
2261 .Pn mhshow 's |
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Wrote text about displaying mime messages.
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|
2262 behavior to the modern view on the topic. |
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Wrote text about displaying mime messages.
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|
2263 .P |
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Wrote text about displaying mime messages.
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|
2264 Note that this section completely ignores the original |
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Wrote text about displaying mime messages.
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2265 .Pn show |
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Wrote text about displaying mime messages.
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diff
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|
2266 program, because it was not capable to display MIME messages |
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Wrote text about displaying mime messages.
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diff
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|
2267 and is no longer part of mmh. |
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Wrote text about displaying mime messages.
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diff
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|
2268 Although |
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Wrote text about displaying mime messages.
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diff
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|
2269 .Pn mhshow |
92cbd3fa1c40
Wrote text about displaying mime messages.
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diff
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|
2270 was renamed to |
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Wrote text about displaying mime messages.
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112
diff
changeset
|
2271 .Pn show |
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Wrote text about displaying mime messages.
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diff
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|
2272 in mmh, this section uses the name |
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Wrote text about displaying mime messages.
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diff
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|
2273 .Pn mhshow , |
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Wrote text about displaying mime messages.
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diff
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|
2274 in order to avoid confusion. |
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Wrote text about displaying mime messages.
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diff
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|
2275 .P |
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Wrote text about displaying mime messages.
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112
diff
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|
2276 In mmh, the basic idea is that |
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Wrote text about displaying mime messages.
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diff
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|
2277 .Pn mhshow |
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Wrote text about displaying mime messages.
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|
2278 should display a message in one single pager session. |
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Wrote text about displaying mime messages.
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diff
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|
2279 Therefore, |
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Wrote text about displaying mime messages.
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diff
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|
2280 .Pn mhshow |
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Wrote text about displaying mime messages.
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|
2281 invokes a pager session for all its output, |
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diff
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|
2282 whenever it prints to a terminal. |
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Wrote text about displaying mime messages.
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2283 .Ci a4197ea6ffc5c1550e8b52d5a654bcaaaee04a4e |
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|
2284 In consequence, |
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diff
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|
2285 .Pn mhl |
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|
2286 does no more invoke a pager. |
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diff
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|
2287 .Ci 0e46503be3c855bddaeae3843e1b659279c35d70 |
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Wrote text about displaying mime messages.
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diff
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|
2288 With |
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diff
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|
2289 .Pn mhshow |
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Wrote text about displaying mime messages.
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diff
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|
2290 replacing the original |
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Wrote text about displaying mime messages.
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diff
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|
2291 .Pn show , |
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diff
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|
2292 output from |
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diff
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|
2293 .Pn mhl |
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|
2294 does not go to the terminal directly, but through |
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|
2295 .Pn mhshow . |
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diff
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|
2296 Hence, |
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diff
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|
2297 .Pn mhl |
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|
2298 does not need to invoke a pager. |
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diff
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|
2299 The one and only job of |
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|
2300 .Pn mhl |
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|
2301 is to format messages or parts of them. |
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diff
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|
2302 The only place in mmh, where a pager is invoked is |
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|
2303 .Pn mhshow . |
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diff
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|
2304 .P |
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Wrote text about displaying mime messages.
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diff
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|
2305 .Pe mhshow-show-* |
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2306 profile entries can be used to display MIME parts in a specific way. |
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Wrote text about displaying mime messages.
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diff
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2307 For instance, PDF and Postscript files could be converted to plain text |
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diff
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|
2308 to display them in the terminal. |
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diff
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|
2309 In mmh, the displaying of MIME parts will always be done serially. |
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2310 The request to display the MIME type `multipart/parallel' in parallel |
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diff
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|
2311 is ignored. |
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Wrote text about displaying mime messages.
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diff
changeset
|
2312 It is simply treated as `multipart/mixed'. |
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Wrote text about displaying mime messages.
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|
2313 .Ci d0581ba306a7299113a346f9b4c46ce97bc4cef6 |
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Wrote text about displaying mime messages.
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|
2314 This could already be requested with the, now removed, |
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Wrote text about displaying mime messages.
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diff
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|
2315 .Sw -serialonly |
92cbd3fa1c40
Wrote text about displaying mime messages.
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diff
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|
2316 switch of |
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Wrote text about displaying mime messages.
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112
diff
changeset
|
2317 .Pn mhshow . |
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Wrote text about displaying mime messages.
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|
2318 As MIME parts are always processed exclusively , i.e. serially, |
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Wrote text about displaying mime messages.
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diff
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|
2319 the `%e' escape in |
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Wrote text about displaying mime messages.
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diff
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|
2320 .Pe mhshow-show-* |
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|
2321 profile entries became useless and was thus removed. |
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Wrote text about displaying mime messages.
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112
diff
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|
2322 .Ci a20d405db09b7ccca74d3e8c57550883da49e1ae |
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Wrote text about displaying mime messages.
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112
diff
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|
2323 .P |
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Wrote text about displaying mime messages.
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112
diff
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|
2324 In the intended setup, only text content would be displayed. |
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Wrote text about displaying mime messages.
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diff
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|
2325 Non-text content would be converted to text by appropriate |
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diff
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|
2326 .Pe mhshow-show-* |
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|
2327 profile entries before, if possible and wanted. |
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diff
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|
2328 All output would be displayed in a single pager session. |
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diff
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|
2329 Other kinds of attachments are ignored. |
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Wrote text about displaying mime messages.
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diff
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|
2330 With |
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Wrote text about displaying mime messages.
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112
diff
changeset
|
2331 .Pe mhshow-show-* |
92cbd3fa1c40
Wrote text about displaying mime messages.
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diff
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|
2332 profile entries for them, they can be displayed serially along |
92cbd3fa1c40
Wrote text about displaying mime messages.
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112
diff
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|
2333 the message. |
92cbd3fa1c40
Wrote text about displaying mime messages.
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parents:
112
diff
changeset
|
2334 For parallel display, the attachments need to be stored to disk first. |
92cbd3fa1c40
Wrote text about displaying mime messages.
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112
diff
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|
2335 .P |
92cbd3fa1c40
Wrote text about displaying mime messages.
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parents:
112
diff
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|
2336 To display text content in foreign charsets, they need to be converted |
92cbd3fa1c40
Wrote text about displaying mime messages.
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112
diff
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|
2337 to the native charset. |
92cbd3fa1c40
Wrote text about displaying mime messages.
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112
diff
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|
2338 Therefore, |
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Wrote text about displaying mime messages.
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parents:
112
diff
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|
2339 .Pe mhshow-charset-* |
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Wrote text about displaying mime messages.
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112
diff
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|
2340 profile entries used to be needed. |
121
edbc6e1dc636
New text on Standard Libraries plus spellchecking.
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120
diff
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|
2341 In mmh, the conversion is done automatically by piping the text through |
114
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112
diff
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|
2342 the |
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112
diff
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|
2343 .Pn iconv |
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Wrote text about displaying mime messages.
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diff
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|
2344 command, if necessary. |
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Wrote text about displaying mime messages.
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|
2345 .Ci 2433122c20baccb10b70b49c04c6b0497b5b3b60 |
92cbd3fa1c40
Wrote text about displaying mime messages.
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diff
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|
2346 Custom |
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Wrote text about displaying mime messages.
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112
diff
changeset
|
2347 .Pe mhshow-show-* |
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|
2348 rules for textual content might need a |
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diff
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|
2349 .Cl "iconv -f %c %f | |
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diff
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|
2350 prefix to have the text converted to the native charset. |
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diff
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|
2351 .P |
121
edbc6e1dc636
New text on Standard Libraries plus spellchecking.
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diff
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|
2352 Although the conversion of foreign charsets to the native one |
114
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diff
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|
2353 has improved, it is not consistent enough. |
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|
2354 Further work needs to be done and |
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diff
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|
2355 the basic concepts in this field need to be re-thought. |
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112
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|
2356 Though, the default setup of mmh displays message in foreign charsets |
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|
2357 correctly without the need to configure anything. |
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|
2358 |
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diff
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|
2359 |
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112
diff
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|
2360 .ig |
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112
diff
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|
2361 |
92cbd3fa1c40
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112
diff
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|
2362 .P |
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diff
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|
2363 mhshow/mhstore: Removed support for retrieving message/external-body parts. |
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|
2364 These tools won't download the contents automatically anymore. Instead, |
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|
2365 they print the information needed to get the contents. If someone should |
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|
2366 really receive one of those rare message/external-body messages, he can |
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|
2367 do the job manually. We save nearly a thousand lines of code. That's worth |
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|
2368 it! |
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diff
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|
2369 (The profile entry `nmh-access-ftp' and sbr/ruserpass.c for reading |
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|
2370 ~/.netrc are gone now.) |
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|
2371 .Ci 55e1d8c654ee0f7c45b9361ce34617983b454c32 |
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|
2372 |
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|
2373 .. |
102
a782488c85f5
More text about attachments mainly, plus some rearrangements.
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101
diff
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|
2374 |
58
814c33b96d89
Restructured the content in ch03.
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parents:
51
diff
changeset
|
2375 |
814c33b96d89
Restructured the content in ch03.
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parents:
51
diff
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|
2376 |
814c33b96d89
Restructured the content in ch03.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
51
diff
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|
2377 .H2 "Digital Cryptography |
22
99409e4546d2
Wrote about the removal of tools.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
21
diff
changeset
|
2378 .P |
58
814c33b96d89
Restructured the content in ch03.
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|
2379 Signing and encryption. |
112
4e6a9ae1b53c
Added a bit of text on modern defaults; plus added code refs.
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|
2380 .P |
4e6a9ae1b53c
Added a bit of text on modern defaults; plus added code refs.
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|
2381 FIXME |
58
814c33b96d89
Restructured the content in ch03.
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51
diff
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|
2382 |
814c33b96d89
Restructured the content in ch03.
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parents:
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|
2383 |
102
a782488c85f5
More text about attachments mainly, plus some rearrangements.
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101
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|
2384 |
a782488c85f5
More text about attachments mainly, plus some rearrangements.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
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|
2385 .H2 "Modern Defaults |
22
99409e4546d2
Wrote about the removal of tools.
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21
diff
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|
2386 .P |
116
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Wrote about modern defaults.
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2387 Nmh has a bunch of convenience-improving features inactive by default, |
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Wrote about modern defaults.
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2388 although one can expect every new user wanting to have them active. |
112
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Added a bit of text on modern defaults; plus added code refs.
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2389 The reason they are inactive by default is the wish to stay compatible |
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Added a bit of text on modern defaults; plus added code refs.
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2390 with old versions. |
116
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Wrote about modern defaults.
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2391 But what is the definition for old versions. |
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Wrote about modern defaults.
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2392 Still, the highly useful draft folder facility is not active by default |
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Wrote about modern defaults.
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|
2393 although it had been introduced over twenty-five years ago |
112
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Added a bit of text on modern defaults; plus added code refs.
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2394 .[ |
4e6a9ae1b53c
Added a bit of text on modern defaults; plus added code refs.
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|
2395 rose romine real work |
4e6a9ae1b53c
Added a bit of text on modern defaults; plus added code refs.
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|
2396 .] |
116
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Wrote about modern defaults.
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|
2397 \(en the community seems not to care. |
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Wrote about modern defaults.
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2398 This is one of several examples that require new users to build up |
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Wrote about modern defaults.
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2399 their profile before they can access the modern features of nmh. |
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Wrote about modern defaults.
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2400 Without an extensively built-up profile, the setup is hardly usable |
4fbd14dc5e91
Wrote about modern defaults.
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|
2401 for modern emailing. |
4fbd14dc5e91
Wrote about modern defaults.
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114
diff
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|
2402 The point is not the customization of the setup, |
4fbd14dc5e91
Wrote about modern defaults.
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|
2403 but the activating of generally useful facilities. |
112
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Added a bit of text on modern defaults; plus added code refs.
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|
2404 .P |
116
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Wrote about modern defaults.
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|
2405 Yet, the real problem lies less in enabling the features, as this is |
4fbd14dc5e91
Wrote about modern defaults.
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2406 straight forward as soon as one knows what he wants. |
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|
2407 The real problem is that new users need deep insights into the project |
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Wrote about modern defaults.
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|
2408 before they find out what they are missing and that nmh actually |
4fbd14dc5e91
Wrote about modern defaults.
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|
2409 provides it already, it just was not activated. |
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Wrote about modern defaults.
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2410 To give an example, I needed one year of using nmh |
102
a782488c85f5
More text about attachments mainly, plus some rearrangements.
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|
2411 before I became aware of the existence of the attachment system. |
a782488c85f5
More text about attachments mainly, plus some rearrangements.
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2412 One could argue that this fact disqualifies my reading of the |
a782488c85f5
More text about attachments mainly, plus some rearrangements.
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|
2413 documentation. |
a782488c85f5
More text about attachments mainly, plus some rearrangements.
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parents:
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diff
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|
2414 If I would have installed nmh from source back then, I could agree. |
116
4fbd14dc5e91
Wrote about modern defaults.
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parents:
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|
2415 Yet, I had used a prepackaged version and had expected that it would |
102
a782488c85f5
More text about attachments mainly, plus some rearrangements.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
101
diff
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|
2416 just work. |
121
edbc6e1dc636
New text on Standard Libraries plus spellchecking.
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diff
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|
2417 Nevertheless, I had been convinced by the concepts of MH already |
116
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Wrote about modern defaults.
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|
2418 and I am a software developer, |
4fbd14dc5e91
Wrote about modern defaults.
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|
2419 still I required a lot of time to discover the cool features. |
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Wrote about modern defaults.
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|
2420 How can we expect users to be even more advanced than me, |
4fbd14dc5e91
Wrote about modern defaults.
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114
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|
2421 just to allow them use MH in a convenient and modern way? |
4fbd14dc5e91
Wrote about modern defaults.
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114
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|
2422 Unless they are strongly convinced of the concepts, they will fail. |
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Wrote about modern defaults.
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|
2423 I have seen friends of me giving up disappointed |
4fbd14dc5e91
Wrote about modern defaults.
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114
diff
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|
2424 before they truly used the system, |
4fbd14dc5e91
Wrote about modern defaults.
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parents:
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diff
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|
2425 although they had been motivated in the beginning. |
4fbd14dc5e91
Wrote about modern defaults.
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114
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|
2426 They suffer hard enough to get used to the toolchest approach, |
4fbd14dc5e91
Wrote about modern defaults.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
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114
diff
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|
2427 we should spare them further inconveniences. |
4fbd14dc5e91
Wrote about modern defaults.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
114
diff
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|
2428 .P |
4fbd14dc5e91
Wrote about modern defaults.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
114
diff
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|
2429 Maintaining compatibility for its own sake is for no good. |
4fbd14dc5e91
Wrote about modern defaults.
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parents:
114
diff
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|
2430 If any MH implementation would be the back-end of widespread |
4fbd14dc5e91
Wrote about modern defaults.
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parents:
114
diff
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|
2431 email clients with large user bases, compatibility would be more |
4fbd14dc5e91
Wrote about modern defaults.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
114
diff
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|
2432 important. |
4fbd14dc5e91
Wrote about modern defaults.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
114
diff
changeset
|
2433 Yet, it appears as if this is not the case. |
4fbd14dc5e91
Wrote about modern defaults.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
114
diff
changeset
|
2434 Hence, compatibility is hardly important for technical reasons. |
4fbd14dc5e91
Wrote about modern defaults.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
114
diff
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|
2435 Its importance originates rather from personal reasons. |
4fbd14dc5e91
Wrote about modern defaults.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
114
diff
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|
2436 Nmh's user base is small and old. |
4fbd14dc5e91
Wrote about modern defaults.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
114
diff
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|
2437 Changing the interfaces would cause inconvenience to long-term users of MH. |
4fbd14dc5e91
Wrote about modern defaults.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
114
diff
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|
2438 It would force them to change their many years old MH configurations. |
4fbd14dc5e91
Wrote about modern defaults.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
114
diff
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|
2439 I do understand this aspect, but it keeps new users from using MH. |
4fbd14dc5e91
Wrote about modern defaults.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
114
diff
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|
2440 By sticking to the old users, new users are kept away. |
4fbd14dc5e91
Wrote about modern defaults.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
114
diff
changeset
|
2441 Yet, the future lies in new users. |
4fbd14dc5e91
Wrote about modern defaults.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
114
diff
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|
2442 Hence, mmh invites new users by providing a convenient and modern setup, |
4fbd14dc5e91
Wrote about modern defaults.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
114
diff
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|
2443 readily usable out-of-the-box. |
4fbd14dc5e91
Wrote about modern defaults.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
114
diff
changeset
|
2444 .P |
4fbd14dc5e91
Wrote about modern defaults.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
114
diff
changeset
|
2445 In mmh, all modern features are active by default. |
4fbd14dc5e91
Wrote about modern defaults.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
114
diff
changeset
|
2446 In consequence, a setup with a profile that defines only the path to the |
4fbd14dc5e91
Wrote about modern defaults.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
114
diff
changeset
|
2447 mail storage, is already convenient to use. |
4fbd14dc5e91
Wrote about modern defaults.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
114
diff
changeset
|
2448 Again, Paul Vixie's ``edginess'' appeal supports the direction I took: |
4fbd14dc5e91
Wrote about modern defaults.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
114
diff
changeset
|
2449 ``the `main branch' should just be modern''. |
4fbd14dc5e91
Wrote about modern defaults.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
114
diff
changeset
|
2450 .[ |
4fbd14dc5e91
Wrote about modern defaults.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
114
diff
changeset
|
2451 paul vixie edginess nmh-workers |
4fbd14dc5e91
Wrote about modern defaults.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
114
diff
changeset
|
2452 .] |
4fbd14dc5e91
Wrote about modern defaults.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
114
diff
changeset
|
2453 .P |
4fbd14dc5e91
Wrote about modern defaults.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
114
diff
changeset
|
2454 Modern features that are active in mmh by default include: |
4fbd14dc5e91
Wrote about modern defaults.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
114
diff
changeset
|
2455 .BU |
4fbd14dc5e91
Wrote about modern defaults.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
114
diff
changeset
|
2456 The attachment system (\c |
4fbd14dc5e91
Wrote about modern defaults.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
114
diff
changeset
|
2457 .Hd Attach ). |
4fbd14dc5e91
Wrote about modern defaults.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
114
diff
changeset
|
2458 .Ci 8ff284ff9167eff8f5349481529332d59ed913b1 |
4fbd14dc5e91
Wrote about modern defaults.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
114
diff
changeset
|
2459 .BU |
4fbd14dc5e91
Wrote about modern defaults.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
114
diff
changeset
|
2460 The draft folder facility (\c |
4fbd14dc5e91
Wrote about modern defaults.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
114
diff
changeset
|
2461 .Fn +drafts ). |
4fbd14dc5e91
Wrote about modern defaults.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
114
diff
changeset
|
2462 .Ci 337338b404931f06f0db2119c9e145e8ca5a9860 |
4fbd14dc5e91
Wrote about modern defaults.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
114
diff
changeset
|
2463 .BU |
4fbd14dc5e91
Wrote about modern defaults.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
114
diff
changeset
|
2464 The unseen sequence (`u') |
4fbd14dc5e91
Wrote about modern defaults.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
114
diff
changeset
|
2465 .Ci c2360569e1d8d3678e294eb7c1354cb8bf7501c1 |
4fbd14dc5e91
Wrote about modern defaults.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
114
diff
changeset
|
2466 and the sequence negation prefix (`!'). |
4fbd14dc5e91
Wrote about modern defaults.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
114
diff
changeset
|
2467 .Ci db74c2bd004b2dc9bf8086a6d8bf773ac051f3cc |
4fbd14dc5e91
Wrote about modern defaults.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
114
diff
changeset
|
2468 .BU |
4fbd14dc5e91
Wrote about modern defaults.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
114
diff
changeset
|
2469 Quoting the original message in the reply. |
4fbd14dc5e91
Wrote about modern defaults.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
114
diff
changeset
|
2470 .Ci 67411b1f95d6ec987b4c732459e1ba8a8ac192c6 |
4fbd14dc5e91
Wrote about modern defaults.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
114
diff
changeset
|
2471 .BU |
4fbd14dc5e91
Wrote about modern defaults.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
114
diff
changeset
|
2472 Forwarding messages using MIME. |
4fbd14dc5e91
Wrote about modern defaults.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
114
diff
changeset
|
2473 .Ci 6e271608b7b9c23771523f88d23a4d3593010cf1 |
4fbd14dc5e91
Wrote about modern defaults.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
114
diff
changeset
|
2474 |
22
99409e4546d2
Wrote about the removal of tools.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
21
diff
changeset
|
2475 |
58
814c33b96d89
Restructured the content in ch03.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
51
diff
changeset
|
2476 |
14
55ec590cfa07
Wrote about the draft folder.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
12
diff
changeset
|
2477 |
127
4a9a97d9d6b5
Exchanged the section titles `Style' and `Code Style'.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
126
diff
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|
2478 .H1 "Style |
16
81f703140554
Wrote about the trash folder.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
14
diff
changeset
|
2479 .P |
118
48e28eaee6f9
Wrote intro to Modernizing and new text about Code Style.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
116
diff
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|
2480 Kernighan and Pike have emphasized the importance of style in the |
48e28eaee6f9
Wrote intro to Modernizing and new text about Code Style.
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diff
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|
2481 preface of their book: |
48e28eaee6f9
Wrote intro to Modernizing and new text about Code Style.
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116
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|
2482 .[ [ |
48e28eaee6f9
Wrote intro to Modernizing and new text about Code Style.
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116
diff
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|
2483 kernighan pike practice of programming |
48e28eaee6f9
Wrote intro to Modernizing and new text about Code Style.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
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116
diff
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|
2484 .], p. x] |
48e28eaee6f9
Wrote intro to Modernizing and new text about Code Style.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
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116
diff
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|
2485 .QS |
48e28eaee6f9
Wrote intro to Modernizing and new text about Code Style.
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116
diff
changeset
|
2486 Chapter 1 discusses programming style. |
48e28eaee6f9
Wrote intro to Modernizing and new text about Code Style.
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116
diff
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|
2487 Good style is so important to good programming that we have chose |
48e28eaee6f9
Wrote intro to Modernizing and new text about Code Style.
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116
diff
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|
2488 to cover it first. |
48e28eaee6f9
Wrote intro to Modernizing and new text about Code Style.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
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116
diff
changeset
|
2489 .QE |
48e28eaee6f9
Wrote intro to Modernizing and new text about Code Style.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
116
diff
changeset
|
2490 This section covers changes in mmh that were motivated by the desire |
48e28eaee6f9
Wrote intro to Modernizing and new text about Code Style.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
116
diff
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|
2491 to improve on style. |
48e28eaee6f9
Wrote intro to Modernizing and new text about Code Style.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
116
diff
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|
2492 Many of them follow the rules given in the quoted book. |
48e28eaee6f9
Wrote intro to Modernizing and new text about Code Style.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
116
diff
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|
2493 .[ |
48e28eaee6f9
Wrote intro to Modernizing and new text about Code Style.
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|
2494 kernighan pike practice of programming |
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116
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|
2495 .] |
48e28eaee6f9
Wrote intro to Modernizing and new text about Code Style.
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116
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|
2496 |
48e28eaee6f9
Wrote intro to Modernizing and new text about Code Style.
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|
2497 |
127
4a9a97d9d6b5
Exchanged the section titles `Style' and `Code Style'.
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2498 |
4a9a97d9d6b5
Exchanged the section titles `Style' and `Code Style'.
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2499 |
4a9a97d9d6b5
Exchanged the section titles `Style' and `Code Style'.
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|
2500 .H2 "Code Style |
118
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116
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|
2501 .P |
48e28eaee6f9
Wrote intro to Modernizing and new text about Code Style.
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116
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|
2502 .U3 "Indentation Style |
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Wrote intro to Modernizing and new text about Code Style.
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116
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|
2503 .P |
48e28eaee6f9
Wrote intro to Modernizing and new text about Code Style.
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116
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|
2504 Indentation styles are the holy cow of programmers. |
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Wrote intro to Modernizing and new text about Code Style.
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116
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|
2505 Again Kernighan and Pike: |
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parents:
116
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|
2506 .[ [ |
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116
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|
2507 kernighan pike practice of programming |
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parents:
116
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|
2508 .], p. 10] |
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116
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|
2509 .QS |
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parents:
116
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|
2510 Programmers have always argued about the layout of programs, |
48e28eaee6f9
Wrote intro to Modernizing and new text about Code Style.
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116
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|
2511 but the specific style is much less important than its consistent |
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Wrote intro to Modernizing and new text about Code Style.
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2512 application. |
121
edbc6e1dc636
New text on Standard Libraries plus spellchecking.
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2513 Pick one style, preferably ours, use it consistently, and don't waste |
118
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Wrote intro to Modernizing and new text about Code Style.
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2514 time arguing. |
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|
2515 .QE |
48e28eaee6f9
Wrote intro to Modernizing and new text about Code Style.
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116
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|
2516 .P |
48e28eaee6f9
Wrote intro to Modernizing and new text about Code Style.
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2517 I agree that the constant application is most important, |
48e28eaee6f9
Wrote intro to Modernizing and new text about Code Style.
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2518 but I believe that some styles have advantages over others. |
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Wrote intro to Modernizing and new text about Code Style.
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2519 For instance the indentation with tab characters only. |
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Wrote intro to Modernizing and new text about Code Style.
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2520 Tab characters directly map to the nesting level \(en |
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Wrote intro to Modernizing and new text about Code Style.
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2521 one tab, one level. |
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Wrote intro to Modernizing and new text about Code Style.
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2522 Tab characters are flexible because developers can adjust them to |
48e28eaee6f9
Wrote intro to Modernizing and new text about Code Style.
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2523 whatever width they like to have. |
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Wrote intro to Modernizing and new text about Code Style.
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parents:
116
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|
2524 There is no more need to run |
48e28eaee6f9
Wrote intro to Modernizing and new text about Code Style.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
116
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2525 .Pn unexpand |
48e28eaee6f9
Wrote intro to Modernizing and new text about Code Style.
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parents:
116
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|
2526 or |
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Wrote intro to Modernizing and new text about Code Style.
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parents:
116
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|
2527 .Pn entab |
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Wrote intro to Modernizing and new text about Code Style.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
116
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|
2528 programs to ensure the correct mixture of leading tabs and spaces. |
48e28eaee6f9
Wrote intro to Modernizing and new text about Code Style.
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116
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|
2529 The simple rules are: (1) Leading whitespace must consist of tabs only. |
48e28eaee6f9
Wrote intro to Modernizing and new text about Code Style.
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116
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2530 (2) Any other whitespace should consist of spaces. |
121
edbc6e1dc636
New text on Standard Libraries plus spellchecking.
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2531 These two rules ensure the integrity of the visual appearance. |
edbc6e1dc636
New text on Standard Libraries plus spellchecking.
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2532 Although reformatting existing code should be avoided, I did it. |
118
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Wrote intro to Modernizing and new text about Code Style.
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parents:
116
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|
2533 I did not waste time arguing; I just did it. |
48e28eaee6f9
Wrote intro to Modernizing and new text about Code Style.
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116
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2534 .Ci a485ed478abbd599d8c9aab48934e7a26733ecb1 |
48e28eaee6f9
Wrote intro to Modernizing and new text about Code Style.
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parents:
116
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2535 |
48e28eaee6f9
Wrote intro to Modernizing and new text about Code Style.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
116
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|
2536 .U3 "Comments |
48e28eaee6f9
Wrote intro to Modernizing and new text about Code Style.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
116
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|
2537 .P |
48e28eaee6f9
Wrote intro to Modernizing and new text about Code Style.
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|
2538 Section 1.6 of |
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Wrote intro to Modernizing and new text about Code Style.
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|
2539 .[ [ |
48e28eaee6f9
Wrote intro to Modernizing and new text about Code Style.
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parents:
116
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|
2540 kernighan pike practice of programming |
48e28eaee6f9
Wrote intro to Modernizing and new text about Code Style.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
116
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|
2541 .], p. 23] |
48e28eaee6f9
Wrote intro to Modernizing and new text about Code Style.
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parents:
116
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|
2542 demands: ``Don't belabor the obvious.'' |
122
c234656329e0
Wrote about modularization.
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2543 Hence, I simply removed all the comments in the following code excerpt: |
118
48e28eaee6f9
Wrote intro to Modernizing and new text about Code Style.
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parents:
116
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|
2544 .VS |
120
e49780100ffb
Wrote about the rework of anno(1).
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parents:
118
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|
2545 context_replace(curfolder, folder); /* update current folder */ |
e49780100ffb
Wrote about the rework of anno(1).
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118
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|
2546 seq_setcur(mp, mp->lowsel); /* update current message */ |
e49780100ffb
Wrote about the rework of anno(1).
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parents:
118
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|
2547 seq_save(mp); /* synchronize message sequences */ |
e49780100ffb
Wrote about the rework of anno(1).
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parents:
118
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|
2548 folder_free(mp); /* free folder/message structure */ |
e49780100ffb
Wrote about the rework of anno(1).
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parents:
118
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|
2549 context_save(); /* save the context file */ |
e49780100ffb
Wrote about the rework of anno(1).
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
118
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|
2550 |
e49780100ffb
Wrote about the rework of anno(1).
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
118
diff
changeset
|
2551 [...] |
e49780100ffb
Wrote about the rework of anno(1).
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
118
diff
changeset
|
2552 |
e49780100ffb
Wrote about the rework of anno(1).
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
118
diff
changeset
|
2553 int c; /* current character */ |
e49780100ffb
Wrote about the rework of anno(1).
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parents:
118
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|
2554 char *cp; /* miscellaneous character pointer */ |
e49780100ffb
Wrote about the rework of anno(1).
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
118
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|
2555 |
e49780100ffb
Wrote about the rework of anno(1).
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
118
diff
changeset
|
2556 [...] |
e49780100ffb
Wrote about the rework of anno(1).
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
118
diff
changeset
|
2557 |
e49780100ffb
Wrote about the rework of anno(1).
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
118
diff
changeset
|
2558 /* NUL-terminate the field */ |
e49780100ffb
Wrote about the rework of anno(1).
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
118
diff
changeset
|
2559 *cp = '\0'; |
118
48e28eaee6f9
Wrote intro to Modernizing and new text about Code Style.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
116
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|
2560 VE |
120
e49780100ffb
Wrote about the rework of anno(1).
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
118
diff
changeset
|
2561 .Ci 426543622b377fc5d091455cba685e114b6df674 |
118
48e28eaee6f9
Wrote intro to Modernizing and new text about Code Style.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
116
diff
changeset
|
2562 .P |
48e28eaee6f9
Wrote intro to Modernizing and new text about Code Style.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
116
diff
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|
2563 The names of the functions explain enough already. |
48e28eaee6f9
Wrote intro to Modernizing and new text about Code Style.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
116
diff
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|
2564 |
48e28eaee6f9
Wrote intro to Modernizing and new text about Code Style.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
116
diff
changeset
|
2565 .U3 "Names |
48e28eaee6f9
Wrote intro to Modernizing and new text about Code Style.
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parents:
116
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|
2566 .P |
48e28eaee6f9
Wrote intro to Modernizing and new text about Code Style.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
116
diff
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|
2567 Kernighan and Pike suggest: |
48e28eaee6f9
Wrote intro to Modernizing and new text about Code Style.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
116
diff
changeset
|
2568 ``Use active names for functions''. |
48e28eaee6f9
Wrote intro to Modernizing and new text about Code Style.
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parents:
116
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|
2569 .[ [ |
48e28eaee6f9
Wrote intro to Modernizing and new text about Code Style.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
116
diff
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|
2570 kernighan pike practice of programming |
48e28eaee6f9
Wrote intro to Modernizing and new text about Code Style.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
116
diff
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|
2571 .], p. 4] |
48e28eaee6f9
Wrote intro to Modernizing and new text about Code Style.
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116
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|
2572 One application of this rule was the rename of |
48e28eaee6f9
Wrote intro to Modernizing and new text about Code Style.
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parents:
116
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|
2573 .Fu check_charset() |
48e28eaee6f9
Wrote intro to Modernizing and new text about Code Style.
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parents:
116
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|
2574 to |
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Wrote intro to Modernizing and new text about Code Style.
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116
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|
2575 .Fu is_native_charset() . |
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parents:
116
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2576 .Ci 8d77b48284c58c135a6b2787e721597346ab056d |
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116
diff
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|
2577 The same change fixed a violation of ``Be accurate'' as well. |
48e28eaee6f9
Wrote intro to Modernizing and new text about Code Style.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
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116
diff
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|
2578 The code did not match the expectation the function suggested, |
48e28eaee6f9
Wrote intro to Modernizing and new text about Code Style.
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116
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|
2579 as it, for whatever reason, only compared the first ten characters |
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Wrote intro to Modernizing and new text about Code Style.
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116
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2580 of the charset name. |
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Wrote intro to Modernizing and new text about Code Style.
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116
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|
2581 .P |
48e28eaee6f9
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116
diff
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|
2582 More important than using active names is using descriptive names. |
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Wrote intro to Modernizing and new text about Code Style.
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116
diff
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|
2583 Renaming the obscure function |
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Wrote intro to Modernizing and new text about Code Style.
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116
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|
2584 .Fu m_unknown() |
48e28eaee6f9
Wrote intro to Modernizing and new text about Code Style.
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116
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|
2585 was a delightful event. |
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116
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2586 .Ci 611d68d19204d7cbf5bd585391249cb5bafca846 |
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Wrote intro to Modernizing and new text about Code Style.
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116
diff
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|
2587 .P |
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116
diff
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|
2588 Magic numbers are generally considered bad style. |
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116
diff
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|
2589 Obviously, Kernighan and Pike agree: |
48e28eaee6f9
Wrote intro to Modernizing and new text about Code Style.
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116
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|
2590 ``Give names to magic numbers''. |
48e28eaee6f9
Wrote intro to Modernizing and new text about Code Style.
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116
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|
2591 .[ [ |
48e28eaee6f9
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116
diff
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|
2592 kernighan pike practice of programming |
48e28eaee6f9
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parents:
116
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|
2593 .], p. 19] |
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116
diff
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|
2594 One such change was naming the type of input \(en mbox or mail folder \(en |
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Wrote intro to Modernizing and new text about Code Style.
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116
diff
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|
2595 to be scanned: |
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Wrote intro to Modernizing and new text about Code Style.
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116
diff
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|
2596 .VS |
48e28eaee6f9
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116
diff
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|
2597 #define SCN_MBOX (-1) |
48e28eaee6f9
Wrote intro to Modernizing and new text about Code Style.
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116
diff
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|
2598 #define SCN_FOLD 0 |
48e28eaee6f9
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116
diff
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|
2599 VE |
48e28eaee6f9
Wrote intro to Modernizing and new text about Code Style.
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116
diff
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|
2600 .Ci 7ffb36d28e517a6f3a10272056fc127592ab1c19 |
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116
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|
2601 .P |
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116
diff
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|
2602 The argument |
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116
diff
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|
2603 .Ar outnum |
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diff
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2604 of the function |
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diff
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|
2605 .Fu scan() |
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116
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|
2606 in |
48e28eaee6f9
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116
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changeset
|
2607 .Fn uip/scansbr.c |
48e28eaee6f9
Wrote intro to Modernizing and new text about Code Style.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
116
diff
changeset
|
2608 defines the number of the message to be created. |
48e28eaee6f9
Wrote intro to Modernizing and new text about Code Style.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
116
diff
changeset
|
2609 If no message is to be created, the argument is misused to transport |
48e28eaee6f9
Wrote intro to Modernizing and new text about Code Style.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
116
diff
changeset
|
2610 program logic. |
48e28eaee6f9
Wrote intro to Modernizing and new text about Code Style.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
116
diff
changeset
|
2611 This lead to obscure code. |
48e28eaee6f9
Wrote intro to Modernizing and new text about Code Style.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
116
diff
changeset
|
2612 I improved the clarity of the code by introducing two variables: |
48e28eaee6f9
Wrote intro to Modernizing and new text about Code Style.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
116
diff
changeset
|
2613 .VS |
48e28eaee6f9
Wrote intro to Modernizing and new text about Code Style.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
116
diff
changeset
|
2614 int incing = (outnum > 0); |
48e28eaee6f9
Wrote intro to Modernizing and new text about Code Style.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
116
diff
changeset
|
2615 int ismbox = (outnum != 0); |
48e28eaee6f9
Wrote intro to Modernizing and new text about Code Style.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
116
diff
changeset
|
2616 VE |
48e28eaee6f9
Wrote intro to Modernizing and new text about Code Style.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
116
diff
changeset
|
2617 They cover the magic values and are used for conditions. |
48e28eaee6f9
Wrote intro to Modernizing and new text about Code Style.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
116
diff
changeset
|
2618 The variable |
48e28eaee6f9
Wrote intro to Modernizing and new text about Code Style.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
116
diff
changeset
|
2619 .Ar outnum |
48e28eaee6f9
Wrote intro to Modernizing and new text about Code Style.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
116
diff
changeset
|
2620 is only used when it holds an ordinary message number. |
48e28eaee6f9
Wrote intro to Modernizing and new text about Code Style.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
116
diff
changeset
|
2621 .Ci b8b075c77be7794f3ae9ff0e8cedb12b48fd139f |
48e28eaee6f9
Wrote intro to Modernizing and new text about Code Style.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
116
diff
changeset
|
2622 The clarity improvement of the change showed detours in the program logic |
48e28eaee6f9
Wrote intro to Modernizing and new text about Code Style.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
116
diff
changeset
|
2623 of related code parts. |
48e28eaee6f9
Wrote intro to Modernizing and new text about Code Style.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
116
diff
changeset
|
2624 Having the new variables with descriptive names, a more |
121
edbc6e1dc636
New text on Standard Libraries plus spellchecking.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
120
diff
changeset
|
2625 straight forward implementation became apparent. |
118
48e28eaee6f9
Wrote intro to Modernizing and new text about Code Style.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
116
diff
changeset
|
2626 Before the clarification was done, |
48e28eaee6f9
Wrote intro to Modernizing and new text about Code Style.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
116
diff
changeset
|
2627 the possibility to improve had not be seen. |
48e28eaee6f9
Wrote intro to Modernizing and new text about Code Style.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
116
diff
changeset
|
2628 .Ci aa60b0ab5e804f8befa890c0a6df0e3143ce0723 |
48e28eaee6f9
Wrote intro to Modernizing and new text about Code Style.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
116
diff
changeset
|
2629 |
48e28eaee6f9
Wrote intro to Modernizing and new text about Code Style.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
116
diff
changeset
|
2630 .U3 "Rework of \f(CWanno\fP |
48e28eaee6f9
Wrote intro to Modernizing and new text about Code Style.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
116
diff
changeset
|
2631 .P |
48e28eaee6f9
Wrote intro to Modernizing and new text about Code Style.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
116
diff
changeset
|
2632 At the end of their chapter on style, |
48e28eaee6f9
Wrote intro to Modernizing and new text about Code Style.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
116
diff
changeset
|
2633 Kernighan and Pike ask: ``But why worry about style?'' |
121
edbc6e1dc636
New text on Standard Libraries plus spellchecking.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
120
diff
changeset
|
2634 The following example of my rework of |
120
e49780100ffb
Wrote about the rework of anno(1).
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
118
diff
changeset
|
2635 .Pn anno |
121
edbc6e1dc636
New text on Standard Libraries plus spellchecking.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
120
diff
changeset
|
2636 provides an answer why style is important in the first place. |
120
e49780100ffb
Wrote about the rework of anno(1).
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
118
diff
changeset
|
2637 .P |
e49780100ffb
Wrote about the rework of anno(1).
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
118
diff
changeset
|
2638 Until 2002, |
118
48e28eaee6f9
Wrote intro to Modernizing and new text about Code Style.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
116
diff
changeset
|
2639 .Pn anno |
120
e49780100ffb
Wrote about the rework of anno(1).
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
118
diff
changeset
|
2640 had six functional command line switches, |
e49780100ffb
Wrote about the rework of anno(1).
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
118
diff
changeset
|
2641 .Sw -component |
e49780100ffb
Wrote about the rework of anno(1).
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
118
diff
changeset
|
2642 and |
e49780100ffb
Wrote about the rework of anno(1).
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
118
diff
changeset
|
2643 .Sw -text , |
e49780100ffb
Wrote about the rework of anno(1).
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
118
diff
changeset
|
2644 which took an argument each, |
e49780100ffb
Wrote about the rework of anno(1).
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
118
diff
changeset
|
2645 and the two pairs of flags, |
e49780100ffb
Wrote about the rework of anno(1).
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
118
diff
changeset
|
2646 .Sw -[no]date |
e49780100ffb
Wrote about the rework of anno(1).
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
118
diff
changeset
|
2647 and |
e49780100ffb
Wrote about the rework of anno(1).
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
118
diff
changeset
|
2648 .Sw -[no]inplace., |
e49780100ffb
Wrote about the rework of anno(1).
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
118
diff
changeset
|
2649 .Sw -component |
e49780100ffb
Wrote about the rework of anno(1).
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
118
diff
changeset
|
2650 and |
e49780100ffb
Wrote about the rework of anno(1).
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
118
diff
changeset
|
2651 .Sw -text , |
e49780100ffb
Wrote about the rework of anno(1).
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
118
diff
changeset
|
2652 which took an argument each, |
e49780100ffb
Wrote about the rework of anno(1).
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
118
diff
changeset
|
2653 and the two pairs of flags, |
e49780100ffb
Wrote about the rework of anno(1).
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
118
diff
changeset
|
2654 .Sw -[no]date |
e49780100ffb
Wrote about the rework of anno(1).
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
118
diff
changeset
|
2655 and |
e49780100ffb
Wrote about the rework of anno(1).
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
118
diff
changeset
|
2656 .Sw -[no]inplace . |
e49780100ffb
Wrote about the rework of anno(1).
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
118
diff
changeset
|
2657 Then Jon Steinhart introduced his attachment system. |
e49780100ffb
Wrote about the rework of anno(1).
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
118
diff
changeset
|
2658 In need for more advanced annotation handling, he extended |
e49780100ffb
Wrote about the rework of anno(1).
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
118
diff
changeset
|
2659 .Pn anno . |
e49780100ffb
Wrote about the rework of anno(1).
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
118
diff
changeset
|
2660 He added five more switches: |
e49780100ffb
Wrote about the rework of anno(1).
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
118
diff
changeset
|
2661 .Sw -draft , |
e49780100ffb
Wrote about the rework of anno(1).
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
118
diff
changeset
|
2662 .Sw -list , |
e49780100ffb
Wrote about the rework of anno(1).
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
118
diff
changeset
|
2663 .Sw -delete , |
e49780100ffb
Wrote about the rework of anno(1).
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
118
diff
changeset
|
2664 .Sw -append , |
e49780100ffb
Wrote about the rework of anno(1).
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
118
diff
changeset
|
2665 and |
e49780100ffb
Wrote about the rework of anno(1).
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
118
diff
changeset
|
2666 .Sw -number , |
e49780100ffb
Wrote about the rework of anno(1).
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
118
diff
changeset
|
2667 the last one taking an argument. |
121
edbc6e1dc636
New text on Standard Libraries plus spellchecking.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
120
diff
changeset
|
2668 .Ci 7480dbc14bc90f2d872d434205c0784704213252 |
120
e49780100ffb
Wrote about the rework of anno(1).
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
118
diff
changeset
|
2669 Later, |
e49780100ffb
Wrote about the rework of anno(1).
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
118
diff
changeset
|
2670 .Sw -[no]preserve |
e49780100ffb
Wrote about the rework of anno(1).
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
118
diff
changeset
|
2671 was added. |
121
edbc6e1dc636
New text on Standard Libraries plus spellchecking.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
120
diff
changeset
|
2672 .Ci d9b1d57351d104d7ec1a5621f090657dcce8cb7f |
120
e49780100ffb
Wrote about the rework of anno(1).
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
118
diff
changeset
|
2673 Then, the Synopsis section of the man page |
e49780100ffb
Wrote about the rework of anno(1).
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
118
diff
changeset
|
2674 .Mp anno (1) |
e49780100ffb
Wrote about the rework of anno(1).
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
118
diff
changeset
|
2675 read: |
e49780100ffb
Wrote about the rework of anno(1).
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
118
diff
changeset
|
2676 .VS |
e49780100ffb
Wrote about the rework of anno(1).
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
118
diff
changeset
|
2677 anno [+folder] [msgs] [-component field] [-inplace | -noinplace] |
e49780100ffb
Wrote about the rework of anno(1).
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
118
diff
changeset
|
2678 [-date | -nodate] [-draft] [-append] [-list] [-delete] |
e49780100ffb
Wrote about the rework of anno(1).
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
118
diff
changeset
|
2679 [-number [num|all]] [-preserve | -nopreserve] [-version] |
e49780100ffb
Wrote about the rework of anno(1).
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
118
diff
changeset
|
2680 [-help] [-text body] |
e49780100ffb
Wrote about the rework of anno(1).
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
118
diff
changeset
|
2681 VE |
e49780100ffb
Wrote about the rework of anno(1).
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
118
diff
changeset
|
2682 .LP |
e49780100ffb
Wrote about the rework of anno(1).
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
118
diff
changeset
|
2683 The implementation followed the same structure. |
e49780100ffb
Wrote about the rework of anno(1).
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
118
diff
changeset
|
2684 Problems became visible when |
e49780100ffb
Wrote about the rework of anno(1).
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
118
diff
changeset
|
2685 .Cl "anno -list -number 42 |
e49780100ffb
Wrote about the rework of anno(1).
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
118
diff
changeset
|
2686 worked on the current message instead on message number 42, |
e49780100ffb
Wrote about the rework of anno(1).
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
118
diff
changeset
|
2687 and |
e49780100ffb
Wrote about the rework of anno(1).
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
118
diff
changeset
|
2688 .Cl "anno -list -number l:5 |
124 | 2689 did not work on the last five messages but failed with the mysterious |
120
e49780100ffb
Wrote about the rework of anno(1).
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
118
diff
changeset
|
2690 error message: ``anno: missing argument to -list''. |
121
edbc6e1dc636
New text on Standard Libraries plus spellchecking.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
120
diff
changeset
|
2691 Yet, the invocation matched the specification in the man page. |
120
e49780100ffb
Wrote about the rework of anno(1).
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
118
diff
changeset
|
2692 There, the correct use of |
e49780100ffb
Wrote about the rework of anno(1).
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
118
diff
changeset
|
2693 .Sw -number |
e49780100ffb
Wrote about the rework of anno(1).
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
118
diff
changeset
|
2694 was defined as being |
e49780100ffb
Wrote about the rework of anno(1).
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
118
diff
changeset
|
2695 .Cl "[-number [num|all]] |
e49780100ffb
Wrote about the rework of anno(1).
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
118
diff
changeset
|
2696 and the textual description for the combination with |
e49780100ffb
Wrote about the rework of anno(1).
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
118
diff
changeset
|
2697 .Sw -list |
e49780100ffb
Wrote about the rework of anno(1).
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
118
diff
changeset
|
2698 read: |
e49780100ffb
Wrote about the rework of anno(1).
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
118
diff
changeset
|
2699 .QS |
e49780100ffb
Wrote about the rework of anno(1).
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
118
diff
changeset
|
2700 The -list option produces a listing of the field bodies for |
e49780100ffb
Wrote about the rework of anno(1).
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
118
diff
changeset
|
2701 header fields with names matching the specified component, |
e49780100ffb
Wrote about the rework of anno(1).
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
118
diff
changeset
|
2702 one per line. The listing is numbered, starting at 1, if |
e49780100ffb
Wrote about the rework of anno(1).
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
118
diff
changeset
|
2703 the -number option is also used. |
e49780100ffb
Wrote about the rework of anno(1).
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
118
diff
changeset
|
2704 .QE |
e49780100ffb
Wrote about the rework of anno(1).
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
118
diff
changeset
|
2705 .LP |
e49780100ffb
Wrote about the rework of anno(1).
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
118
diff
changeset
|
2706 The problem was manifold. |
e49780100ffb
Wrote about the rework of anno(1).
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
118
diff
changeset
|
2707 The code required a numeric argument to the |
e49780100ffb
Wrote about the rework of anno(1).
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
118
diff
changeset
|
2708 .Sw -number |
e49780100ffb
Wrote about the rework of anno(1).
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
118
diff
changeset
|
2709 switch. |
e49780100ffb
Wrote about the rework of anno(1).
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
118
diff
changeset
|
2710 If it was missing or non-numeric, |
e49780100ffb
Wrote about the rework of anno(1).
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
118
diff
changeset
|
2711 .Pn anno |
e49780100ffb
Wrote about the rework of anno(1).
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
118
diff
changeset
|
2712 aborted with an error message that had an off-by-one error, |
e49780100ffb
Wrote about the rework of anno(1).
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
118
diff
changeset
|
2713 printing the switch one before the failing one. |
e49780100ffb
Wrote about the rework of anno(1).
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
118
diff
changeset
|
2714 Semantically, the argument to the |
e49780100ffb
Wrote about the rework of anno(1).
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
118
diff
changeset
|
2715 .Sw -number |
e49780100ffb
Wrote about the rework of anno(1).
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
118
diff
changeset
|
2716 switch is only necessary in combination with |
e49780100ffb
Wrote about the rework of anno(1).
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
118
diff
changeset
|
2717 .Sw -delete , |
e49780100ffb
Wrote about the rework of anno(1).
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
118
diff
changeset
|
2718 but not with |
e49780100ffb
Wrote about the rework of anno(1).
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
118
diff
changeset
|
2719 .Sw -list . |
e49780100ffb
Wrote about the rework of anno(1).
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
118
diff
changeset
|
2720 In the former case it is even necessary. |
118
48e28eaee6f9
Wrote intro to Modernizing and new text about Code Style.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
116
diff
changeset
|
2721 .P |
120
e49780100ffb
Wrote about the rework of anno(1).
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
118
diff
changeset
|
2722 Trying to fix these problems on the surface would not have solved it truly. |
e49780100ffb
Wrote about the rework of anno(1).
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
118
diff
changeset
|
2723 The problems discovered originate from a discrepance between the semantic |
e49780100ffb
Wrote about the rework of anno(1).
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|
2724 structure of the problem and the structure implemented in the program. |
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Wrote about the rework of anno(1).
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|
2725 Such structural differences can not be cured on the surface. |
e49780100ffb
Wrote about the rework of anno(1).
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|
2726 They need to be solved by adjusting the structure of the implementation |
e49780100ffb
Wrote about the rework of anno(1).
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|
2727 to the structure of the problem. |
e49780100ffb
Wrote about the rework of anno(1).
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parents:
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|
2728 .P |
e49780100ffb
Wrote about the rework of anno(1).
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parents:
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|
2729 In 2002, the new switches |
e49780100ffb
Wrote about the rework of anno(1).
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|
2730 .Sw -list |
e49780100ffb
Wrote about the rework of anno(1).
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parents:
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|
2731 and |
e49780100ffb
Wrote about the rework of anno(1).
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
118
diff
changeset
|
2732 .Sw -delete |
e49780100ffb
Wrote about the rework of anno(1).
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|
2733 were added in the same way, the |
e49780100ffb
Wrote about the rework of anno(1).
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|
2734 .Sw -number |
e49780100ffb
Wrote about the rework of anno(1).
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|
2735 switch for instance had been added. |
e49780100ffb
Wrote about the rework of anno(1).
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|
2736 Yet, they are of structural different type. |
e49780100ffb
Wrote about the rework of anno(1).
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|
2737 Semantically, |
e49780100ffb
Wrote about the rework of anno(1).
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|
2738 .Sw -list |
e49780100ffb
Wrote about the rework of anno(1).
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parents:
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|
2739 and |
e49780100ffb
Wrote about the rework of anno(1).
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
118
diff
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|
2740 .Sw -delete |
e49780100ffb
Wrote about the rework of anno(1).
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|
2741 introduce modes of operation. |
e49780100ffb
Wrote about the rework of anno(1).
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|
2742 Historically, |
e49780100ffb
Wrote about the rework of anno(1).
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|
2743 .Pn anno |
e49780100ffb
Wrote about the rework of anno(1).
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|
2744 had only one operation mode: adding header fields. |
e49780100ffb
Wrote about the rework of anno(1).
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|
2745 With the extension, it got two moder modes: |
e49780100ffb
Wrote about the rework of anno(1).
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|
2746 listing and deleting header fields. |
e49780100ffb
Wrote about the rework of anno(1).
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|
2747 The structure of the code changes did not pay respect to this |
e49780100ffb
Wrote about the rework of anno(1).
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parents:
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|
2748 fundamental change to |
e49780100ffb
Wrote about the rework of anno(1).
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|
2749 .Pn anno 's |
e49780100ffb
Wrote about the rework of anno(1).
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
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118
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|
2750 behavior. |
e49780100ffb
Wrote about the rework of anno(1).
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
118
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|
2751 Neither the implementation nor the documentation did clearly |
e49780100ffb
Wrote about the rework of anno(1).
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|
2752 define them as being exclusive modes of operation. |
e49780100ffb
Wrote about the rework of anno(1).
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|
2753 Having identified the problem, I solved it by putting structure into |
e49780100ffb
Wrote about the rework of anno(1).
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parents:
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|
2754 .Pn anno |
e49780100ffb
Wrote about the rework of anno(1).
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|
2755 and its documentation. |
e49780100ffb
Wrote about the rework of anno(1).
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118
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|
2756 .Ci d54c8db8bdf01e8381890f7729bc0ef4a055ea11 |
e49780100ffb
Wrote about the rework of anno(1).
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
118
diff
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|
2757 .P |
e49780100ffb
Wrote about the rework of anno(1).
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parents:
118
diff
changeset
|
2758 The difference is visible in both, the code and the documentation. |
121
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|
2759 The following code excerpt: |
120
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Wrote about the rework of anno(1).
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parents:
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|
2760 .VS |
e49780100ffb
Wrote about the rework of anno(1).
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parents:
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|
2761 int delete = -2; /* delete header element if set */ |
e49780100ffb
Wrote about the rework of anno(1).
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|
2762 int list = 0; /* list header elements if set */ |
e49780100ffb
Wrote about the rework of anno(1).
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|
2763 [...] |
121
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New text on Standard Libraries plus spellchecking.
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|
2764 case DELETESW: /* delete annotations */ |
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New text on Standard Libraries plus spellchecking.
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|
2765 delete = 0; |
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New text on Standard Libraries plus spellchecking.
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|
2766 continue; |
edbc6e1dc636
New text on Standard Libraries plus spellchecking.
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|
2767 case LISTSW: /* produce a listing */ |
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New text on Standard Libraries plus spellchecking.
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|
2768 list = 1; |
edbc6e1dc636
New text on Standard Libraries plus spellchecking.
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parents:
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|
2769 continue; |
120
e49780100ffb
Wrote about the rework of anno(1).
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parents:
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|
2770 VE |
121
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New text on Standard Libraries plus spellchecking.
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parents:
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|
2771 .LP |
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New text on Standard Libraries plus spellchecking.
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parents:
120
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|
2772 was replaced by: |
120
e49780100ffb
Wrote about the rework of anno(1).
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
118
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|
2773 .VS |
e49780100ffb
Wrote about the rework of anno(1).
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
118
diff
changeset
|
2774 static enum { MODE_ADD, MODE_DEL, MODE_LIST } mode = MODE_ADD; |
e49780100ffb
Wrote about the rework of anno(1).
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|
2775 [...] |
121
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|
2776 case DELETESW: /* delete annotations */ |
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New text on Standard Libraries plus spellchecking.
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|
2777 mode = MODE_DEL; |
edbc6e1dc636
New text on Standard Libraries plus spellchecking.
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parents:
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|
2778 continue; |
edbc6e1dc636
New text on Standard Libraries plus spellchecking.
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parents:
120
diff
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|
2779 case LISTSW: /* produce a listing */ |
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New text on Standard Libraries plus spellchecking.
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|
2780 mode = MODE_LIST; |
edbc6e1dc636
New text on Standard Libraries plus spellchecking.
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parents:
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|
2781 continue; |
120
e49780100ffb
Wrote about the rework of anno(1).
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
118
diff
changeset
|
2782 VE |
e49780100ffb
Wrote about the rework of anno(1).
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
118
diff
changeset
|
2783 .LP |
121
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New text on Standard Libraries plus spellchecking.
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parents:
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|
2784 The replacement code does not only reflect the problem's structure better, |
edbc6e1dc636
New text on Standard Libraries plus spellchecking.
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parents:
120
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|
2785 it is easier to understand as well. |
edbc6e1dc636
New text on Standard Libraries plus spellchecking.
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parents:
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diff
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|
2786 The same applies to the documentation. |
120
e49780100ffb
Wrote about the rework of anno(1).
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parents:
118
diff
changeset
|
2787 The man page was completely reorganized to propagate the same structure. |
121
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New text on Standard Libraries plus spellchecking.
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parents:
120
diff
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|
2788 This is visible in the Synopsis section: |
120
e49780100ffb
Wrote about the rework of anno(1).
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
118
diff
changeset
|
2789 .VS |
e49780100ffb
Wrote about the rework of anno(1).
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
118
diff
changeset
|
2790 anno [+folder] [msgs] [-component field] [-text body] |
e49780100ffb
Wrote about the rework of anno(1).
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
118
diff
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|
2791 [-append] [-date | -nodate] [-preserve | -nopreserve] |
e49780100ffb
Wrote about the rework of anno(1).
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
118
diff
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|
2792 [-Version] [-help] |
e49780100ffb
Wrote about the rework of anno(1).
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
118
diff
changeset
|
2793 |
e49780100ffb
Wrote about the rework of anno(1).
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
118
diff
changeset
|
2794 anno -delete [+folder] [msgs] [-component field] [-text |
e49780100ffb
Wrote about the rework of anno(1).
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
118
diff
changeset
|
2795 body] [-number num | all ] [-preserve | -nopreserve] |
e49780100ffb
Wrote about the rework of anno(1).
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
118
diff
changeset
|
2796 [-Version] [-help] |
e49780100ffb
Wrote about the rework of anno(1).
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
118
diff
changeset
|
2797 |
e49780100ffb
Wrote about the rework of anno(1).
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
118
diff
changeset
|
2798 anno -list [+folder] [msgs] [-component field] [-number] |
e49780100ffb
Wrote about the rework of anno(1).
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parents:
118
diff
changeset
|
2799 [-Version] [-help] |
e49780100ffb
Wrote about the rework of anno(1).
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
118
diff
changeset
|
2800 VE |
121
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New text on Standard Libraries plus spellchecking.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
120
diff
changeset
|
2801 .\" XXX think about explaining the -preserve rework? |
118
48e28eaee6f9
Wrote intro to Modernizing and new text about Code Style.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
116
diff
changeset
|
2802 |
16
81f703140554
Wrote about the trash folder.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
14
diff
changeset
|
2803 |
0
dc2bfef4cda7
Initial commit: Basic structure, macros and fonts.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2804 |
127
4a9a97d9d6b5
Exchanged the section titles `Style' and `Code Style'.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
126
diff
changeset
|
2805 |
121
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diff
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|
2806 .H2 "Standard Libraries |
58
814c33b96d89
Restructured the content in ch03.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
51
diff
changeset
|
2807 .P |
121
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New text on Standard Libraries plus spellchecking.
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|
2808 MH is one decade older than the POSIX and ANSI C standards. |
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New text on Standard Libraries plus spellchecking.
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|
2809 Hence, MH included own implementations of functions |
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New text on Standard Libraries plus spellchecking.
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diff
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|
2810 that are standardized and thus widely available today, |
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New text on Standard Libraries plus spellchecking.
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|
2811 but were not back then. |
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New text on Standard Libraries plus spellchecking.
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|
2812 Today, twenty years after the POSIX and ANSI C were published, |
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New text on Standard Libraries plus spellchecking.
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|
2813 developers can expect system to comply with these standards. |
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New text on Standard Libraries plus spellchecking.
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|
2814 In consequence, MH-specific replacements for standard functions |
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|
2815 can and should be dropped. |
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New text on Standard Libraries plus spellchecking.
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|
2816 Kernighan and Pike advise: ``Use standard libraries.'' |
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New text on Standard Libraries plus spellchecking.
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parents:
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|
2817 .[ [ |
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|
2818 kernighan pike practice of programming |
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|
2819 .], p. 196] |
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New text on Standard Libraries plus spellchecking.
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|
2820 Actually, MH had followed this advice in history, |
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|
2821 but it had not adjusted to the changes in this field. |
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New text on Standard Libraries plus spellchecking.
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parents:
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diff
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|
2822 The |
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|
2823 .Fu snprintf() |
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New text on Standard Libraries plus spellchecking.
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|
2824 function, for instance, was standardized with C99 and is available |
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|
2825 almost everywhere because of its high usefulness. |
123
740f4128dea7
Reworked and extended the text about Modularization.
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parents:
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|
2826 In project's own implementation of |
121
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|
2827 .Fu snprintf() |
123
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Reworked and extended the text about Modularization.
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122
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|
2828 was dropped in March 2012 in favor for using the one of the |
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Reworked and extended the text about Modularization.
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|
2829 standard library. |
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Reworked and extended the text about Modularization.
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|
2830 .Ci 0052f1024deb0a0a2fc2e5bacf93d45a5a9c9b32 |
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Reworked and extended the text about Modularization.
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diff
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|
2831 Such decisions limit the portability of mmh |
121
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|
2832 if systems don't support these standardized and widespread functions. |
123
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Reworked and extended the text about Modularization.
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|
2833 This compromise is made because mmh focuses on the future. |
121
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2834 .P |
123
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Reworked and extended the text about Modularization.
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|
2835 I am not yet thirty years old and my C and Unix experience comprises |
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Reworked and extended the text about Modularization.
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|
2836 only half a dozen years. |
121
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2837 Hence, I need to learn about the history in retrospective. |
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|
2838 I have not used those ancient constructs myself. |
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|
2839 I have not suffered from their incompatibilities. |
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|
2840 I have not longed for standardization. |
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2841 All my programming experience is from a time when ANSI C and POSIX |
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2842 were well established already. |
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2843 I have only read a lot of books about the (good) old times. |
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2844 This puts me in a difficult positions when working with old code. |
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2845 I need to freshly acquire knowledge about old code constructs and ancient |
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2846 programming styles, whereas older programmers know these things by |
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2847 heart from their own experience. |
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2848 .P |
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2849 Being aware of the situation, I rather let people with more historic |
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2850 experience replace ancient code constructs with standardized ones. |
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2851 Lyndon Nerenberg covered large parts of this task for the nmh project. |
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2852 He converted project-specific functions to POSIX replacements, |
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2853 also removing the conditionals compilation of now standardized features. |
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2854 Ken Hornstein and David Levine had their part in the work, too. |
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2855 Often, I only needed to pull over changes from nmh into mmh. |
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2856 These changes include many commits; these are among them: |
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2857 .Ci 768b5edd9623b7238e12ec8dfc409b82a1ed9e2d |
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2858 .Ci 0052f1024deb0a0a2fc2e5bacf93d45a5a9c9b32 . |
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2859 .P |
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2860 During my own work, I tidied up the \fIMH standard library\fP, |
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2861 .Fn libmh.a , |
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2862 which is located in the |
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2863 .Fn sbr |
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2864 (``subroutines'') directory in the source tree. |
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2865 The MH library includes functions that mmh tools usually need. |
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2866 Among them are MH-specific functions for profile, context, sequence, |
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2867 and folder handling, but as well |
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2868 MH-independent functions, such as auxiliary string functions, |
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2869 portability interfaces and error-checking wrappers for critical |
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2870 functions of the standard library. |
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2871 .P |
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2872 I have replaced the |
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2873 .Fu atooi() |
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2874 function with calls to |
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2875 .Fu strtoul() |
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2876 with the third parameter \(en the base \(en set to eight. |
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2877 .Fu strtoul() |
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2878 is part of C89 and thus considered safe to use. |
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2879 .Ci c490c51b3c0f8871b6953bd0c74551404f840a74 |
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2880 .P |
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2881 I did remove project-included fallback implementations of |
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2882 .Fu memmove() |
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2883 and |
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2884 .Fu strerror() , |
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2885 although Peter Maydell had re-included them into nmh in 2008 |
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2886 to support SunOS 4. |
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2887 Nevertheless, these functions are part of ANSI C. |
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2888 Systems that do not even provide full ANSI C support should not |
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2889 put a load on mmh. |
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2890 .Ci b067ff5c465a5d243ce5a19e562085a9a1a97215 |
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2891 .P |
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2892 The |
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2893 .Fu copy() |
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2894 function copies the string in argument one to the location in two. |
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2895 In contrast to |
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2896 .Fu strcpy() , |
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2897 it returns a pointer to the terminating null-byte in the destination area. |
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2898 The code was adjusted to replace |
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2899 .Fu copy() |
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2900 with |
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2901 .Fu strcpy() , |
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2902 except within |
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2903 .Fu concat() , |
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2904 where |
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2905 .Fu copy() |
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2906 was more convenient. |
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2907 Therefore, the definition of |
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2908 .Fu copy() |
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2909 was moved into the source file of |
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2910 .Fu concat() |
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2911 and its visibility is now limited to it. |
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2912 .Ci 552fd7253e5ee9e554c5c7a8248a6322aa4363bb |
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2913 .P |
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2914 The function |
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2915 .Fu r1bindex() |
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2916 had been a generalized version of |
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2917 .Fu basename() |
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2918 with minor differences. |
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2919 As all calls to |
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2920 .Fu r1bindex() |
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2921 had the slash (`/') as delimiter anyway, |
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2922 replacing |
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2923 .Fu r1bindex() |
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2924 with the more specific and better-named function |
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2925 .Fu basename() |
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2926 became desirable. |
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2927 Unfortunately, many of the 54 calls to |
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2928 .Fu r1bindex() |
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2929 depended on a special behavior, |
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2930 which differed from the POSIX specification for |
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2931 .Fu basename() . |
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2932 Hence, |
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2933 .Fu r1bindex() |
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2934 was kept but renamed to |
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2935 .Fu mhbasename() , |
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2936 fixing the delimiter to the slash. |
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2937 .Ci 240013872c392fe644bd4f79382d9f5314b4ea60 |
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2938 For possible uses of |
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2939 .Fu r1bindex() |
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2940 with a different delimiter, |
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2941 the ANSI C function |
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2942 .Fu strrchr() |
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2943 provides the core functionality. |
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2944 .P |
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2945 The |
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2946 .Fu ssequal() |
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2947 function \(en apparently for ``substring equal'' \(en |
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2948 was renamed to |
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2949 .Fu isprefix() , |
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2950 because this is what it actually checks. |
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2951 .Ci c20b4fa14515c7ab388ce35411d89a7a92300711 |
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2952 Its source file had included the following comments, no joke. |
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2953 .VS |
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2954 /* |
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2955 * THIS CODE DOES NOT WORK AS ADVERTISED. |
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|
2956 * It is actually checking if s1 is a PREFIX of s2. |
edbc6e1dc636
New text on Standard Libraries plus spellchecking.
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parents:
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diff
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|
2957 * All calls to this function need to be checked to see |
edbc6e1dc636
New text on Standard Libraries plus spellchecking.
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parents:
120
diff
changeset
|
2958 * if that needs to be changed. Prefix checking is cheaper, so |
edbc6e1dc636
New text on Standard Libraries plus spellchecking.
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parents:
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diff
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|
2959 * should be kept if it's sufficient. |
edbc6e1dc636
New text on Standard Libraries plus spellchecking.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
120
diff
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|
2960 */ |
edbc6e1dc636
New text on Standard Libraries plus spellchecking.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
120
diff
changeset
|
2961 |
edbc6e1dc636
New text on Standard Libraries plus spellchecking.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
120
diff
changeset
|
2962 /* |
edbc6e1dc636
New text on Standard Libraries plus spellchecking.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
120
diff
changeset
|
2963 * Check if s1 is a substring of s2. |
edbc6e1dc636
New text on Standard Libraries plus spellchecking.
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parents:
120
diff
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|
2964 * If yes, then return 1, else return 0. |
edbc6e1dc636
New text on Standard Libraries plus spellchecking.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
120
diff
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|
2965 */ |
edbc6e1dc636
New text on Standard Libraries plus spellchecking.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
120
diff
changeset
|
2966 VE |
123
740f4128dea7
Reworked and extended the text about Modularization.
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parents:
122
diff
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|
2967 Two months later, it was completely removed by replacing it with |
740f4128dea7
Reworked and extended the text about Modularization.
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parents:
122
diff
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|
2968 .Fu strncmp() . |
740f4128dea7
Reworked and extended the text about Modularization.
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parents:
122
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changeset
|
2969 .Ci b0b1dd37ff515578cf7cba51625189eb34a196cb |
121
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New text on Standard Libraries plus spellchecking.
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2970 |
118
48e28eaee6f9
Wrote intro to Modernizing and new text about Code Style.
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2971 |
48e28eaee6f9
Wrote intro to Modernizing and new text about Code Style.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
116
diff
changeset
|
2972 |
48e28eaee6f9
Wrote intro to Modernizing and new text about Code Style.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
116
diff
changeset
|
2973 |
48e28eaee6f9
Wrote intro to Modernizing and new text about Code Style.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
116
diff
changeset
|
2974 .H2 "Modularization |
48e28eaee6f9
Wrote intro to Modernizing and new text about Code Style.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
116
diff
changeset
|
2975 .P |
123
740f4128dea7
Reworked and extended the text about Modularization.
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parents:
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diff
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|
2976 The source code of the mmh tools is located in the |
122
c234656329e0
Wrote about modularization.
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parents:
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|
2977 .Fn uip |
123
740f4128dea7
Reworked and extended the text about Modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
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|
2978 (``user interface programs'') directory. |
740f4128dea7
Reworked and extended the text about Modularization.
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parents:
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|
2979 Each tools has a source file with the same name. |
122
c234656329e0
Wrote about modularization.
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|
2980 For example, |
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Wrote about modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
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|
2981 .Pn rmm |
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Wrote about modularization.
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parents:
121
diff
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|
2982 is built from |
c234656329e0
Wrote about modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
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|
2983 .Fn uip/rmm.c . |
123
740f4128dea7
Reworked and extended the text about Modularization.
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parents:
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|
2984 Some source files are used for multiple programs. |
122
c234656329e0
Wrote about modularization.
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parents:
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|
2985 For example |
c234656329e0
Wrote about modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2986 .Fn uip/scansbr.c |
123
740f4128dea7
Reworked and extended the text about Modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
122
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changeset
|
2987 is used for both, |
122
c234656329e0
Wrote about modularization.
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parents:
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|
2988 .Pn scan |
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Wrote about modularization.
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parents:
121
diff
changeset
|
2989 and |
c234656329e0
Wrote about modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
121
diff
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|
2990 .Pn inc . |
c234656329e0
Wrote about modularization.
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parents:
121
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changeset
|
2991 In nmh, 49 tools were built from 76 source files. |
123
740f4128dea7
Reworked and extended the text about Modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
122
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changeset
|
2992 This is a ratio of 1.6 source files per program. |
740f4128dea7
Reworked and extended the text about Modularization.
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parents:
122
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changeset
|
2993 32 programs depended on multiple source files; |
740f4128dea7
Reworked and extended the text about Modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2994 17 programs depended on one source file only. |
122
c234656329e0
Wrote about modularization.
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121
diff
changeset
|
2995 In mmh, 39 tools are built from 51 source files. |
123
740f4128dea7
Reworked and extended the text about Modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
122
diff
changeset
|
2996 This is a ratio of 1.3 source files per program. |
740f4128dea7
Reworked and extended the text about Modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
122
diff
changeset
|
2997 18 programs depend on multiple source files; |
740f4128dea7
Reworked and extended the text about Modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
122
diff
changeset
|
2998 21 programs depend on one source file only. |
740f4128dea7
Reworked and extended the text about Modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
122
diff
changeset
|
2999 (These numbers and the ones in the following text ignore the MH library |
740f4128dea7
Reworked and extended the text about Modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
122
diff
changeset
|
3000 as well as shell scripts and multiple names for the same program.) |
122
c234656329e0
Wrote about modularization.
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parents:
121
diff
changeset
|
3001 .P |
123
740f4128dea7
Reworked and extended the text about Modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
122
diff
changeset
|
3002 Splitting the source code of a large program into multiple files can |
122
c234656329e0
Wrote about modularization.
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parents:
121
diff
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|
3003 increase the readability of its source code. |
124 | 3004 Most of the mmh tools, however, are simple and straight-forward programs. |
122
c234656329e0
Wrote about modularization.
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121
diff
changeset
|
3005 With the exception of the MIME handling tools, |
c234656329e0
Wrote about modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
121
diff
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|
3006 .Pn pick |
c234656329e0
Wrote about modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
121
diff
changeset
|
3007 is the largest tools. |
c234656329e0
Wrote about modularization.
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parents:
121
diff
changeset
|
3008 It contains 1\|037 lines of source code (measured with |
c234656329e0
Wrote about modularization.
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diff
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|
3009 .Pn sloccount ), excluding the MH library. |
c234656329e0
Wrote about modularization.
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parents:
121
diff
changeset
|
3010 Only the MIME handling tools (\c |
c234656329e0
Wrote about modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
121
diff
changeset
|
3011 .Pn mhbuild , |
c234656329e0
Wrote about modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
121
diff
changeset
|
3012 .Pn mhstore , |
c234656329e0
Wrote about modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
121
diff
changeset
|
3013 .Pn show , |
c234656329e0
Wrote about modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
121
diff
changeset
|
3014 etc.) |
c234656329e0
Wrote about modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
121
diff
changeset
|
3015 are larger. |
c234656329e0
Wrote about modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
121
diff
changeset
|
3016 Splitting programs with less than 1\|000 lines of code into multiple |
123
740f4128dea7
Reworked and extended the text about Modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
122
diff
changeset
|
3017 source files seldom leads to better readability. |
740f4128dea7
Reworked and extended the text about Modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
122
diff
changeset
|
3018 For such tools, splitting makes sense |
122
c234656329e0
Wrote about modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
121
diff
changeset
|
3019 when parts of the code are reused in other programs, |
c234656329e0
Wrote about modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
121
diff
changeset
|
3020 and the reused code fragment is not general enough |
c234656329e0
Wrote about modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
121
diff
changeset
|
3021 for including it in the MH library, |
124 | 3022 or, if the code has dependencies on a library that only few programs need. |
122
c234656329e0
Wrote about modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
121
diff
changeset
|
3023 .Fn uip/packsbr.c , |
c234656329e0
Wrote about modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
121
diff
changeset
|
3024 for instance, provides the core program logic for the |
c234656329e0
Wrote about modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
121
diff
changeset
|
3025 .Pn packf |
c234656329e0
Wrote about modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
121
diff
changeset
|
3026 and |
c234656329e0
Wrote about modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
121
diff
changeset
|
3027 .Pn rcvpack |
c234656329e0
Wrote about modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
121
diff
changeset
|
3028 programs. |
c234656329e0
Wrote about modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
121
diff
changeset
|
3029 .Fn uip/packf.c |
c234656329e0
Wrote about modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
121
diff
changeset
|
3030 and |
c234656329e0
Wrote about modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
121
diff
changeset
|
3031 .Fn uip/rcvpack.c |
c234656329e0
Wrote about modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
121
diff
changeset
|
3032 mainly wrap the core function appropriately. |
c234656329e0
Wrote about modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
121
diff
changeset
|
3033 No other tools use the folder packing functions. |
123
740f4128dea7
Reworked and extended the text about Modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
122
diff
changeset
|
3034 As another example, |
740f4128dea7
Reworked and extended the text about Modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
122
diff
changeset
|
3035 .Fn uip/termsbr.c |
740f4128dea7
Reworked and extended the text about Modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
122
diff
changeset
|
3036 provides termcap support, which requires linking with a termcap or |
740f4128dea7
Reworked and extended the text about Modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
122
diff
changeset
|
3037 curses library. |
740f4128dea7
Reworked and extended the text about Modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
122
diff
changeset
|
3038 Including |
740f4128dea7
Reworked and extended the text about Modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
122
diff
changeset
|
3039 .Fn uip/termsbr.c |
740f4128dea7
Reworked and extended the text about Modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
122
diff
changeset
|
3040 into the MH library would require every program to be linked with |
740f4128dea7
Reworked and extended the text about Modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
122
diff
changeset
|
3041 termcap or curses, although only few of the programs require it. |
122
c234656329e0
Wrote about modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
121
diff
changeset
|
3042 .P |
c234656329e0
Wrote about modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
121
diff
changeset
|
3043 The task of MIME handling is complex enough that splitting its code |
c234656329e0
Wrote about modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
121
diff
changeset
|
3044 into multiple source files improves the readability. |
c234656329e0
Wrote about modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
121
diff
changeset
|
3045 The program |
c234656329e0
Wrote about modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
121
diff
changeset
|
3046 .Pn mhstore , |
c234656329e0
Wrote about modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
121
diff
changeset
|
3047 for instance, is compiled out of seven source files with 2\|500 |
c234656329e0
Wrote about modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
121
diff
changeset
|
3048 lines of code in summary. |
c234656329e0
Wrote about modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
121
diff
changeset
|
3049 The main code file |
c234656329e0
Wrote about modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
121
diff
changeset
|
3050 .Fn uip/mhstore.c |
123
740f4128dea7
Reworked and extended the text about Modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
122
diff
changeset
|
3051 consists of 800 lines; the other 1\|700 lines of code are reused in |
740f4128dea7
Reworked and extended the text about Modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
122
diff
changeset
|
3052 other MIME handling tools. |
740f4128dea7
Reworked and extended the text about Modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
122
diff
changeset
|
3053 It seems to be worthwhile to bundle the generic MIME handling code into |
740f4128dea7
Reworked and extended the text about Modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
122
diff
changeset
|
3054 a MH-MIME library, as a companion to the MH standard library. |
122
c234656329e0
Wrote about modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
121
diff
changeset
|
3055 This is left open for the future. |
118
48e28eaee6f9
Wrote intro to Modernizing and new text about Code Style.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
116
diff
changeset
|
3056 .P |
123
740f4128dea7
Reworked and extended the text about Modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
122
diff
changeset
|
3057 The work already done, focussed on the non-MIME tools. |
122
c234656329e0
Wrote about modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
121
diff
changeset
|
3058 The amount of code compiled into each program was reduced. |
123
740f4128dea7
Reworked and extended the text about Modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
122
diff
changeset
|
3059 This eases the understanding of the code base. |
122
c234656329e0
Wrote about modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
121
diff
changeset
|
3060 In nmh, |
c234656329e0
Wrote about modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
121
diff
changeset
|
3061 .Pn comp |
c234656329e0
Wrote about modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
121
diff
changeset
|
3062 was built from six source files: |
c234656329e0
Wrote about modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
121
diff
changeset
|
3063 .Fn comp.c , |
c234656329e0
Wrote about modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
121
diff
changeset
|
3064 .Fn whatnowproc.c , |
c234656329e0
Wrote about modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
121
diff
changeset
|
3065 .Fn whatnowsbr.c , |
c234656329e0
Wrote about modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
121
diff
changeset
|
3066 .Fn sendsbr.c , |
c234656329e0
Wrote about modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
121
diff
changeset
|
3067 .Fn annosbr.c , |
c234656329e0
Wrote about modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
121
diff
changeset
|
3068 and |
c234656329e0
Wrote about modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
121
diff
changeset
|
3069 .Fn distsbr.c . |
c234656329e0
Wrote about modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
121
diff
changeset
|
3070 In mmh, it builds from only two: |
c234656329e0
Wrote about modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
121
diff
changeset
|
3071 .Fn comp.c |
c234656329e0
Wrote about modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
121
diff
changeset
|
3072 and |
c234656329e0
Wrote about modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
121
diff
changeset
|
3073 .Fn whatnowproc.c . |
123
740f4128dea7
Reworked and extended the text about Modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
122
diff
changeset
|
3074 In nmh's |
740f4128dea7
Reworked and extended the text about Modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
122
diff
changeset
|
3075 .Pn comp , |
740f4128dea7
Reworked and extended the text about Modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
122
diff
changeset
|
3076 the core function of |
122
c234656329e0
Wrote about modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
121
diff
changeset
|
3077 .Pn whatnow , |
c234656329e0
Wrote about modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
121
diff
changeset
|
3078 .Pn send , |
c234656329e0
Wrote about modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
121
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|
3079 and |
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Wrote about modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
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|
3080 .Pn anno |
123
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Reworked and extended the text about Modularization.
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|
3081 were compiled into |
122
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Wrote about modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
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|
3082 .Pn comp . |
123
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Reworked and extended the text about Modularization.
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|
3083 This saved the need to execute these programs with |
122
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Wrote about modularization.
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|
3084 .Fu fork() |
c234656329e0
Wrote about modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
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121
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|
3085 and |
c234656329e0
Wrote about modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
121
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|
3086 .Fu exec() , |
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Wrote about modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
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121
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|
3087 two expensive system calls. |
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Wrote about modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
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|
3088 Whereis this approach improved the time performance, |
c234656329e0
Wrote about modularization.
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121
diff
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|
3089 it interweaved the source code. |
c234656329e0
Wrote about modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
121
diff
changeset
|
3090 Core functionalities were not encapsulated into programs but into |
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Wrote about modularization.
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parents:
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|
3091 function, which were then wrapped by programs. |
c234656329e0
Wrote about modularization.
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|
3092 For example, |
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Wrote about modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
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|
3093 .Fn uip/annosbr.c |
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Wrote about modularization.
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parents:
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|
3094 included the function |
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Wrote about modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
121
diff
changeset
|
3095 .Fu annotate() . |
c234656329e0
Wrote about modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
121
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|
3096 Each program that wanted to annotate messages, included the source file |
123
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Reworked and extended the text about Modularization.
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parents:
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|
3097 .Fn uip/annosbr.c |
740f4128dea7
Reworked and extended the text about Modularization.
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|
3098 and called |
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Reworked and extended the text about Modularization.
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|
3099 .Fu annotate() . |
740f4128dea7
Reworked and extended the text about Modularization.
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|
3100 Because the function |
740f4128dea7
Reworked and extended the text about Modularization.
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|
3101 .Fu annotate() |
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|
3102 was used like the tool |
740f4128dea7
Reworked and extended the text about Modularization.
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|
3103 .Pn anno , |
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Reworked and extended the text about Modularization.
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|
3104 it had seven parameters, reflecting the command line switches of the tool. |
122
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|
3105 When another pair of command line switches was added to |
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Wrote about modularization.
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|
3106 .Pn anno , |
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|
3107 a rather ugly hack was implemented to avoid adding another parameter |
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Wrote about modularization.
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|
3108 to the function. |
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Wrote about modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
121
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|
3109 .Ci d9b1d57351d104d7ec1a5621f090657dcce8cb7f |
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Wrote about modularization.
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|
3110 .P |
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Wrote about modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
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|
3111 Separation simplifies the understanding of program code |
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Wrote about modularization.
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|
3112 because the area influenced by any particular statement is smaller. |
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Wrote about modularization.
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|
3113 The separating on the program-level is more strict than the separation |
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Wrote about modularization.
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|
3114 on the function level. |
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Wrote about modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
121
diff
changeset
|
3115 In mmh, the relevant code of |
c234656329e0
Wrote about modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
121
diff
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|
3116 .Pn comp |
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Wrote about modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
121
diff
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|
3117 comprises the two files |
c234656329e0
Wrote about modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
121
diff
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|
3118 .Fn uip/comp.c |
c234656329e0
Wrote about modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
121
diff
changeset
|
3119 and |
c234656329e0
Wrote about modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
121
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|
3120 .Fn uip/whatnowproc.c , |
123
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Reworked and extended the text about Modularization.
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parents:
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|
3121 together 210 lines of code. |
122
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Wrote about modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
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|
3122 In nmh, |
c234656329e0
Wrote about modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
121
diff
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|
3123 .Pn comp |
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Wrote about modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
121
diff
changeset
|
3124 comprises six files with 2\|450 lines. |
123
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Reworked and extended the text about Modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
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|
3125 Not all of the code in these six files was actually used by |
122
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Wrote about modularization.
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parents:
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|
3126 .Pn comp , |
123
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Reworked and extended the text about Modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
122
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|
3127 but the code reader needed to read all of the code first to know which |
740f4128dea7
Reworked and extended the text about Modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
122
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|
3128 parts were used. |
122
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Wrote about modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
121
diff
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|
3129 .P |
123
740f4128dea7
Reworked and extended the text about Modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
122
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|
3130 As I have read a lot in the code base during the last two years, |
740f4128dea7
Reworked and extended the text about Modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
122
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|
3131 I learned about the easy and the difficult parts. |
740f4128dea7
Reworked and extended the text about Modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
122
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|
3132 Code is easy to understand if: |
740f4128dea7
Reworked and extended the text about Modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
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|
3133 .BU |
740f4128dea7
Reworked and extended the text about Modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
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|
3134 The influenced code area is small |
740f4128dea7
Reworked and extended the text about Modularization.
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parents:
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|
3135 .BU |
124 | 3136 The boundaries are strictly defined |
123
740f4128dea7
Reworked and extended the text about Modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
122
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|
3137 .BU |
740f4128dea7
Reworked and extended the text about Modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
122
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|
3138 The code is written straight-forward |
740f4128dea7
Reworked and extended the text about Modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
122
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|
3139 .P |
740f4128dea7
Reworked and extended the text about Modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
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|
3140 .\" XXX move this paragraph somewhere else? |
740f4128dea7
Reworked and extended the text about Modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
122
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|
3141 Reading |
122
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Wrote about modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
121
diff
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|
3142 .Pn rmm 's |
c234656329e0
Wrote about modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
121
diff
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|
3143 source code in |
c234656329e0
Wrote about modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
121
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|
3144 .Fn uip/rmm.c |
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Wrote about modularization.
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|
3145 is my recommendation for a beginner's entry point into the code base of nmh. |
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Wrote about modularization.
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parents:
121
diff
changeset
|
3146 The reasons are that the task of |
c234656329e0
Wrote about modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
121
diff
changeset
|
3147 .Pn rmm |
c234656329e0
Wrote about modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
121
diff
changeset
|
3148 is straight forward and it consists of one small source code file only, |
c234656329e0
Wrote about modularization.
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parents:
121
diff
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|
3149 yet its source includes code constructs typical for MH tools. |
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Wrote about modularization.
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parents:
121
diff
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|
3150 With the introduction of the trash folder in mmh, |
c234656329e0
Wrote about modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
121
diff
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|
3151 .Pn rmm |
c234656329e0
Wrote about modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
121
diff
changeset
|
3152 became a bit more complex, because it invokes |
c234656329e0
Wrote about modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
121
diff
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|
3153 .Pn refile . |
c234656329e0
Wrote about modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
121
diff
changeset
|
3154 Still, it is a good example for a simple tool with clear sources. |
c234656329e0
Wrote about modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
121
diff
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|
3155 .P |
c234656329e0
Wrote about modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
121
diff
changeset
|
3156 Understanding |
c234656329e0
Wrote about modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
121
diff
changeset
|
3157 .Pn comp |
c234656329e0
Wrote about modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
121
diff
changeset
|
3158 requires to read 210 lines of code in mmh, but ten times as much in nmh. |
123
740f4128dea7
Reworked and extended the text about Modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
122
diff
changeset
|
3159 Due to the aforementioned hack in |
122
c234656329e0
Wrote about modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
121
diff
changeset
|
3160 .Pn anno |
c234656329e0
Wrote about modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
121
diff
changeset
|
3161 to save the additional parameter, information passed through the program's |
c234656329e0
Wrote about modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
121
diff
changeset
|
3162 source base in obscure ways. |
123
740f4128dea7
Reworked and extended the text about Modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
122
diff
changeset
|
3163 Thus, understanding |
122
c234656329e0
Wrote about modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
121
diff
changeset
|
3164 .Pn comp , |
123
740f4128dea7
Reworked and extended the text about Modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
122
diff
changeset
|
3165 required understanding the inner workings of |
122
c234656329e0
Wrote about modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
121
diff
changeset
|
3166 .Fn uip/annosbr.c |
c234656329e0
Wrote about modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
121
diff
changeset
|
3167 first. |
123
740f4128dea7
Reworked and extended the text about Modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
122
diff
changeset
|
3168 To be sure to fully understand a program, its whole source code needs |
122
c234656329e0
Wrote about modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
121
diff
changeset
|
3169 to be examined. |
123
740f4128dea7
Reworked and extended the text about Modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
122
diff
changeset
|
3170 Not doing so is a leap of faith, assuming that the developers |
122
c234656329e0
Wrote about modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
121
diff
changeset
|
3171 have avoided obscure programming techniques. |
c234656329e0
Wrote about modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
121
diff
changeset
|
3172 By separating the tools on the program-level, the boundaries are |
c234656329e0
Wrote about modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
121
diff
changeset
|
3173 clearly visible and technically enforced. |
c234656329e0
Wrote about modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
121
diff
changeset
|
3174 The interfaces are calls to |
c234656329e0
Wrote about modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
121
diff
changeset
|
3175 .Fu exec() |
c234656329e0
Wrote about modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
121
diff
changeset
|
3176 rather than arbitrary function calls. |
123
740f4128dea7
Reworked and extended the text about Modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
122
diff
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|
3177 .P |
740f4128dea7
Reworked and extended the text about Modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
122
diff
changeset
|
3178 But the real problem is another: |
740f4128dea7
Reworked and extended the text about Modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
122
diff
changeset
|
3179 Nmh violates the golden ``one tool, one job'' rule of the Unix philosophy. |
740f4128dea7
Reworked and extended the text about Modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
122
diff
changeset
|
3180 Understanding |
122
c234656329e0
Wrote about modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
121
diff
changeset
|
3181 .Pn comp |
123
740f4128dea7
Reworked and extended the text about Modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
122
diff
changeset
|
3182 requires understanding |
740f4128dea7
Reworked and extended the text about Modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
122
diff
changeset
|
3183 .Fn uip/annosbr.c |
740f4128dea7
Reworked and extended the text about Modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
122
diff
changeset
|
3184 and |
740f4128dea7
Reworked and extended the text about Modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
122
diff
changeset
|
3185 .Fn uip/sendsbr.c |
740f4128dea7
Reworked and extended the text about Modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
122
diff
changeset
|
3186 because |
740f4128dea7
Reworked and extended the text about Modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
122
diff
changeset
|
3187 .Pn comp |
740f4128dea7
Reworked and extended the text about Modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
122
diff
changeset
|
3188 does annotate and send messages. |
740f4128dea7
Reworked and extended the text about Modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
122
diff
changeset
|
3189 In nmh, there surely exists the tool |
122
c234656329e0
Wrote about modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
121
diff
changeset
|
3190 .Pn send , |
123
740f4128dea7
Reworked and extended the text about Modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
122
diff
changeset
|
3191 which does (almost) only send messages. |
740f4128dea7
Reworked and extended the text about Modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
122
diff
changeset
|
3192 But |
122
c234656329e0
Wrote about modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
121
diff
changeset
|
3193 .Pn comp |
123
740f4128dea7
Reworked and extended the text about Modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
122
diff
changeset
|
3194 and |
122
c234656329e0
Wrote about modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
121
diff
changeset
|
3195 .Pn repl |
c234656329e0
Wrote about modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
121
diff
changeset
|
3196 and |
c234656329e0
Wrote about modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
121
diff
changeset
|
3197 .Pn forw |
c234656329e0
Wrote about modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
121
diff
changeset
|
3198 and |
c234656329e0
Wrote about modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
121
diff
changeset
|
3199 .Pn dist |
c234656329e0
Wrote about modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
121
diff
changeset
|
3200 and |
c234656329e0
Wrote about modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
121
diff
changeset
|
3201 .Pn whatnow |
c234656329e0
Wrote about modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
121
diff
changeset
|
3202 and |
123
740f4128dea7
Reworked and extended the text about Modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
122
diff
changeset
|
3203 .Pn viamail , |
740f4128dea7
Reworked and extended the text about Modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
122
diff
changeset
|
3204 they all (!) have the same message sending function included, too. |
740f4128dea7
Reworked and extended the text about Modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
122
diff
changeset
|
3205 In result, |
740f4128dea7
Reworked and extended the text about Modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
122
diff
changeset
|
3206 .Pn comp |
740f4128dea7
Reworked and extended the text about Modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
122
diff
changeset
|
3207 sends messages without using |
740f4128dea7
Reworked and extended the text about Modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
122
diff
changeset
|
3208 .Pn send . |
740f4128dea7
Reworked and extended the text about Modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
122
diff
changeset
|
3209 The situation is the same as if |
740f4128dea7
Reworked and extended the text about Modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
122
diff
changeset
|
3210 .Pn grep |
740f4128dea7
Reworked and extended the text about Modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
122
diff
changeset
|
3211 would page without |
740f4128dea7
Reworked and extended the text about Modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
122
diff
changeset
|
3212 .Pn more |
740f4128dea7
Reworked and extended the text about Modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
122
diff
changeset
|
3213 just because both programs are part of the same code base. |
740f4128dea7
Reworked and extended the text about Modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
122
diff
changeset
|
3214 .P |
122
c234656329e0
Wrote about modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
121
diff
changeset
|
3215 The clear separation on the surface \(en the toolchest approach \(en |
123
740f4128dea7
Reworked and extended the text about Modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
122
diff
changeset
|
3216 is violated on the level below. |
122
c234656329e0
Wrote about modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
121
diff
changeset
|
3217 This violation is for the sake of time performance. |
c234656329e0
Wrote about modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
121
diff
changeset
|
3218 On systems where |
c234656329e0
Wrote about modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
121
diff
changeset
|
3219 .Fu fork() |
c234656329e0
Wrote about modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
121
diff
changeset
|
3220 and |
c234656329e0
Wrote about modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
121
diff
changeset
|
3221 .Fu exec() |
c234656329e0
Wrote about modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
121
diff
changeset
|
3222 are expensive, the quicker response might be noticable. |
124 | 3223 In the old times, sacrificing readability and conceptional beauty for |
3224 speed might even have been a must to prevent MH from being unusably slow. | |
122
c234656329e0
Wrote about modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
121
diff
changeset
|
3225 Whatever the reasons had been, today they are gone. |
123
740f4128dea7
Reworked and extended the text about Modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
122
diff
changeset
|
3226 No longer should we sacrifice readability or conceptional beauty. |
122
c234656329e0
Wrote about modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
121
diff
changeset
|
3227 No longer should we violate the Unix philosophy's ``one tool, one job'' |
c234656329e0
Wrote about modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
121
diff
changeset
|
3228 guideline. |
123
740f4128dea7
Reworked and extended the text about Modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
122
diff
changeset
|
3229 No longer should we keep speed improvements that became unnecessary. |
122
c234656329e0
Wrote about modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
121
diff
changeset
|
3230 .P |
123
740f4128dea7
Reworked and extended the text about Modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
122
diff
changeset
|
3231 Therefore, mmh's |
740f4128dea7
Reworked and extended the text about Modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
122
diff
changeset
|
3232 .Pn comp |
740f4128dea7
Reworked and extended the text about Modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
122
diff
changeset
|
3233 does no longer send messages. |
740f4128dea7
Reworked and extended the text about Modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
122
diff
changeset
|
3234 In mmh, different jobs are divided among separate programs that |
122
c234656329e0
Wrote about modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
121
diff
changeset
|
3235 invoke each other as needed. |
123
740f4128dea7
Reworked and extended the text about Modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
122
diff
changeset
|
3236 In consequence, |
740f4128dea7
Reworked and extended the text about Modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
122
diff
changeset
|
3237 .Pn comp |
740f4128dea7
Reworked and extended the text about Modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
122
diff
changeset
|
3238 invokes |
740f4128dea7
Reworked and extended the text about Modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
122
diff
changeset
|
3239 .Pn whatnow |
740f4128dea7
Reworked and extended the text about Modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
122
diff
changeset
|
3240 which thereafter invokes |
740f4128dea7
Reworked and extended the text about Modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
122
diff
changeset
|
3241 .Pn send . |
740f4128dea7
Reworked and extended the text about Modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
122
diff
changeset
|
3242 The clear separation on the surface is maintained on the level below. |
740f4128dea7
Reworked and extended the text about Modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
122
diff
changeset
|
3243 Human users and the tools use the same interface \(en |
740f4128dea7
Reworked and extended the text about Modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
122
diff
changeset
|
3244 annotations, for example, are made by invoking |
740f4128dea7
Reworked and extended the text about Modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
122
diff
changeset
|
3245 .Pn anno , |
740f4128dea7
Reworked and extended the text about Modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
122
diff
changeset
|
3246 no matter if requested by programs or by human beings. |
740f4128dea7
Reworked and extended the text about Modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
122
diff
changeset
|
3247 The decrease of tools built from multiple source files and thus |
740f4128dea7
Reworked and extended the text about Modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
122
diff
changeset
|
3248 the decrease of |
740f4128dea7
Reworked and extended the text about Modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
122
diff
changeset
|
3249 .Fn uip/*sbr.c |
740f4128dea7
Reworked and extended the text about Modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
122
diff
changeset
|
3250 files confirm the improvement. |
740f4128dea7
Reworked and extended the text about Modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
122
diff
changeset
|
3251 .P |
740f4128dea7
Reworked and extended the text about Modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
122
diff
changeset
|
3252 One disadvantage needs to be taken with this change: |
740f4128dea7
Reworked and extended the text about Modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
122
diff
changeset
|
3253 The compiler can no longer check the integrity of the interfaces. |
740f4128dea7
Reworked and extended the text about Modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
122
diff
changeset
|
3254 By changing the command line interfaces of tools, it is |
740f4128dea7
Reworked and extended the text about Modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
122
diff
changeset
|
3255 the developer's job to adjust the invocations of these tools as well. |
740f4128dea7
Reworked and extended the text about Modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
122
diff
changeset
|
3256 As this is a manual task and regression tests, which could detect such |
124 | 3257 problems, are not available yet, it is prone to errors. |
123
740f4128dea7
Reworked and extended the text about Modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
122
diff
changeset
|
3258 These errors will not be detected at compile time but at run time. |
740f4128dea7
Reworked and extended the text about Modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
122
diff
changeset
|
3259 Installing regression tests is a task left to do. |
740f4128dea7
Reworked and extended the text about Modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
122
diff
changeset
|
3260 In the best case, a uniform way of invoking tools from other tools |
740f4128dea7
Reworked and extended the text about Modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
122
diff
changeset
|
3261 can be developed to allow automated testing at compile time. |
122
c234656329e0
Wrote about modularization.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
121
diff
changeset
|
3262 |
102
a782488c85f5
More text about attachments mainly, plus some rearrangements.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
101
diff
changeset
|
3263 |
a782488c85f5
More text about attachments mainly, plus some rearrangements.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
101
diff
changeset
|
3264 |
58
814c33b96d89
Restructured the content in ch03.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
51
diff
changeset
|
3265 |
126
3aafbd32d77b
Reworked the User Data Location (Separation) section.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
125
diff
changeset
|
3266 .H2 "User Data Locations |
0
dc2bfef4cda7
Initial commit: Basic structure, macros and fonts.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3267 .P |
126
3aafbd32d77b
Reworked the User Data Location (Separation) section.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
125
diff
changeset
|
3268 In nmh, a personal setup consists of the MH profile and the MH directory. |
3aafbd32d77b
Reworked the User Data Location (Separation) section.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
125
diff
changeset
|
3269 The profile is a file named |
19
ab5253e48c74
Wrote about the directory split.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
18
diff
changeset
|
3270 .Fn \&.mh_profile |
126
3aafbd32d77b
Reworked the User Data Location (Separation) section.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
125
diff
changeset
|
3271 in the user's home directory. |
3aafbd32d77b
Reworked the User Data Location (Separation) section.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
125
diff
changeset
|
3272 It contains the static configuration. |
3aafbd32d77b
Reworked the User Data Location (Separation) section.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
125
diff
changeset
|
3273 It also contains the location of the MH directory in the profile entry |
3aafbd32d77b
Reworked the User Data Location (Separation) section.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
125
diff
changeset
|
3274 .Pe Path . |
3aafbd32d77b
Reworked the User Data Location (Separation) section.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
125
diff
changeset
|
3275 The MH directory contains the mail storage and is the first |
3aafbd32d77b
Reworked the User Data Location (Separation) section.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
125
diff
changeset
|
3276 place to search for personal forms, scan formats, and similar |
3aafbd32d77b
Reworked the User Data Location (Separation) section.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
125
diff
changeset
|
3277 configuration files. |
3aafbd32d77b
Reworked the User Data Location (Separation) section.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
125
diff
changeset
|
3278 The location of the MH directory can be chosen freely by the user. |
3aafbd32d77b
Reworked the User Data Location (Separation) section.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
125
diff
changeset
|
3279 The default and usual name is a directory named |
19
ab5253e48c74
Wrote about the directory split.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
18
diff
changeset
|
3280 .Fn Mail |
126
3aafbd32d77b
Reworked the User Data Location (Separation) section.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
125
diff
changeset
|
3281 in the home directory. |
19
ab5253e48c74
Wrote about the directory split.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
18
diff
changeset
|
3282 .P |
126
3aafbd32d77b
Reworked the User Data Location (Separation) section.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
125
diff
changeset
|
3283 The way MH data is splitted between profile and MH directory is a legacy. |
3aafbd32d77b
Reworked the User Data Location (Separation) section.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
125
diff
changeset
|
3284 It is only sensible in a situation where the profile is the only |
3aafbd32d77b
Reworked the User Data Location (Separation) section.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
125
diff
changeset
|
3285 configuration file. |
3aafbd32d77b
Reworked the User Data Location (Separation) section.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
125
diff
changeset
|
3286 Why else should the mail storage and the configuration files be intermixed? |
3aafbd32d77b
Reworked the User Data Location (Separation) section.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
125
diff
changeset
|
3287 They are different kinds of data: |
3aafbd32d77b
Reworked the User Data Location (Separation) section.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
125
diff
changeset
|
3288 The data to be operated on and the configuration to change how |
3aafbd32d77b
Reworked the User Data Location (Separation) section.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
125
diff
changeset
|
3289 tools operate. |
3aafbd32d77b
Reworked the User Data Location (Separation) section.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
125
diff
changeset
|
3290 Splitting the configuration between the profile and the MH directory |
3aafbd32d77b
Reworked the User Data Location (Separation) section.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
125
diff
changeset
|
3291 is bad. |
3aafbd32d77b
Reworked the User Data Location (Separation) section.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
125
diff
changeset
|
3292 Merging the mail storage and the configuration in one directory is bad |
3aafbd32d77b
Reworked the User Data Location (Separation) section.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
125
diff
changeset
|
3293 as well. |
3aafbd32d77b
Reworked the User Data Location (Separation) section.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
125
diff
changeset
|
3294 As the mail storage and the configuration were not separated sensibly |
3aafbd32d77b
Reworked the User Data Location (Separation) section.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
125
diff
changeset
|
3295 in the first place, I did it now. |
19
ab5253e48c74
Wrote about the directory split.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
18
diff
changeset
|
3296 .P |
126
3aafbd32d77b
Reworked the User Data Location (Separation) section.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
125
diff
changeset
|
3297 Personal mmh data is grouped by type, resulting in two distinct parts: |
3aafbd32d77b
Reworked the User Data Location (Separation) section.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
125
diff
changeset
|
3298 The mail storage and the configuration. |
3aafbd32d77b
Reworked the User Data Location (Separation) section.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
125
diff
changeset
|
3299 In mmh, the mail storage directory still contains all the messages, |
3aafbd32d77b
Reworked the User Data Location (Separation) section.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
125
diff
changeset
|
3300 but, in exception of public sequences files, nothing else. |
3aafbd32d77b
Reworked the User Data Location (Separation) section.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
125
diff
changeset
|
3301 In difference to nmh, the auxiliary configuration files are no longer |
3aafbd32d77b
Reworked the User Data Location (Separation) section.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
125
diff
changeset
|
3302 located there. |
3aafbd32d77b
Reworked the User Data Location (Separation) section.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
125
diff
changeset
|
3303 Therefore, the directory is no longer called the user's \fIMH directory\fP |
3aafbd32d77b
Reworked the User Data Location (Separation) section.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
125
diff
changeset
|
3304 but his \fImail storage\fP. |
3aafbd32d77b
Reworked the User Data Location (Separation) section.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
125
diff
changeset
|
3305 Its location is still user-chosen, with the default name |
19
ab5253e48c74
Wrote about the directory split.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
18
diff
changeset
|
3306 .Fn Mail , |
104 | 3307 in the user's home directory. |
126
3aafbd32d77b
Reworked the User Data Location (Separation) section.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
125
diff
changeset
|
3308 In mmh, the configuration is grouped together in |
3aafbd32d77b
Reworked the User Data Location (Separation) section.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
125
diff
changeset
|
3309 the hidden directory |
19
ab5253e48c74
Wrote about the directory split.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
18
diff
changeset
|
3310 .Fn \&.mmh |
ab5253e48c74
Wrote about the directory split.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
18
diff
changeset
|
3311 in the user's home directory. |
126
3aafbd32d77b
Reworked the User Data Location (Separation) section.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
125
diff
changeset
|
3312 This \fImmh directory\fP contains the context file, personal forms, |
3aafbd32d77b
Reworked the User Data Location (Separation) section.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
125
diff
changeset
|
3313 scan formats, and the like, but also the user's profile, now named |
3aafbd32d77b
Reworked the User Data Location (Separation) section.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
125
diff
changeset
|
3314 .Fn profile . |
3aafbd32d77b
Reworked the User Data Location (Separation) section.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
125
diff
changeset
|
3315 The location of the profile is no longer fixed to |
3aafbd32d77b
Reworked the User Data Location (Separation) section.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
125
diff
changeset
|
3316 .Fn $HOME/.mh_profile |
3aafbd32d77b
Reworked the User Data Location (Separation) section.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
125
diff
changeset
|
3317 but to |
3aafbd32d77b
Reworked the User Data Location (Separation) section.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
125
diff
changeset
|
3318 .Fn $HOME/.mmh/profile . |
3aafbd32d77b
Reworked the User Data Location (Separation) section.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
125
diff
changeset
|
3319 Having both, the file |
3aafbd32d77b
Reworked the User Data Location (Separation) section.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
125
diff
changeset
|
3320 .Fn $HOME/.mh_profile |
3aafbd32d77b
Reworked the User Data Location (Separation) section.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
125
diff
changeset
|
3321 and the configuration directory |
3aafbd32d77b
Reworked the User Data Location (Separation) section.
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parents:
125
diff
changeset
|
3322 .Fn $HOME/.mmh |
3aafbd32d77b
Reworked the User Data Location (Separation) section.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
125
diff
changeset
|
3323 appeared to be inconsistent. |
3aafbd32d77b
Reworked the User Data Location (Separation) section.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
125
diff
changeset
|
3324 The approach chosen for mmh is consistent, simple, and familiar to |
3aafbd32d77b
Reworked the User Data Location (Separation) section.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
125
diff
changeset
|
3325 Unix users. |
19
ab5253e48c74
Wrote about the directory split.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
18
diff
changeset
|
3326 .P |
126
3aafbd32d77b
Reworked the User Data Location (Separation) section.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
125
diff
changeset
|
3327 MH allows users to have multiiple MH setups. |
3aafbd32d77b
Reworked the User Data Location (Separation) section.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
125
diff
changeset
|
3328 Therefore, it is necessary to select a different profile. |
3aafbd32d77b
Reworked the User Data Location (Separation) section.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
125
diff
changeset
|
3329 The profile is the single entry point to access the rest of a |
3aafbd32d77b
Reworked the User Data Location (Separation) section.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
125
diff
changeset
|
3330 personal MH setup. |
3aafbd32d77b
Reworked the User Data Location (Separation) section.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
125
diff
changeset
|
3331 In nmh, the environment variable |
19
ab5253e48c74
Wrote about the directory split.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
18
diff
changeset
|
3332 .Ev MH |
126
3aafbd32d77b
Reworked the User Data Location (Separation) section.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
125
diff
changeset
|
3333 could be used to specifiy a different profile. |
3aafbd32d77b
Reworked the User Data Location (Separation) section.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
125
diff
changeset
|
3334 To operate in the same MH setup with a separate context, |
3aafbd32d77b
Reworked the User Data Location (Separation) section.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
125
diff
changeset
|
3335 the |
19
ab5253e48c74
Wrote about the directory split.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
18
diff
changeset
|
3336 .Ev MHCONTEXT |
126
3aafbd32d77b
Reworked the User Data Location (Separation) section.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
125
diff
changeset
|
3337 environment variable could be used. |
3aafbd32d77b
Reworked the User Data Location (Separation) section.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
125
diff
changeset
|
3338 This allows having own current folders and current messages in |
3aafbd32d77b
Reworked the User Data Location (Separation) section.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
125
diff
changeset
|
3339 each terminal, for instance. |
3aafbd32d77b
Reworked the User Data Location (Separation) section.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
125
diff
changeset
|
3340 In mmh, three environment variables are used. |
19
ab5253e48c74
Wrote about the directory split.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
18
diff
changeset
|
3341 .Ev MMH |
126
3aafbd32d77b
Reworked the User Data Location (Separation) section.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
125
diff
changeset
|
3342 overrides the default location of the mmh directory (\c |
3aafbd32d77b
Reworked the User Data Location (Separation) section.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
125
diff
changeset
|
3343 .Fn .mmh ). |
19
ab5253e48c74
Wrote about the directory split.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
18
diff
changeset
|
3344 .Ev MMHP |
ab5253e48c74
Wrote about the directory split.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
18
diff
changeset
|
3345 and |
ab5253e48c74
Wrote about the directory split.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
18
diff
changeset
|
3346 .Ev MMHC |
126
3aafbd32d77b
Reworked the User Data Location (Separation) section.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
125
diff
changeset
|
3347 override the paths to the profile and context files, respectively. |
3aafbd32d77b
Reworked the User Data Location (Separation) section.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
125
diff
changeset
|
3348 This approach allows the set of personal configuration files to be chosen |
3aafbd32d77b
Reworked the User Data Location (Separation) section.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
125
diff
changeset
|
3349 independently from the profile, context, and mail storage. |
3aafbd32d77b
Reworked the User Data Location (Separation) section.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
125
diff
changeset
|
3350 .P |
3aafbd32d77b
Reworked the User Data Location (Separation) section.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
125
diff
changeset
|
3351 The separation of the files by type is sensible and convenient. |
3aafbd32d77b
Reworked the User Data Location (Separation) section.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
125
diff
changeset
|
3352 The new approach has no functional disadvantages, |
3aafbd32d77b
Reworked the User Data Location (Separation) section.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
125
diff
changeset
|
3353 as every setup I can imagine can be implemented with both approaches, |
3aafbd32d77b
Reworked the User Data Location (Separation) section.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
125
diff
changeset
|
3354 possibly even easier with the new approach. |
3aafbd32d77b
Reworked the User Data Location (Separation) section.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
125
diff
changeset
|
3355 The main achievement of the change is the clear and sensible split |
3aafbd32d77b
Reworked the User Data Location (Separation) section.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
125
diff
changeset
|
3356 between mail storage and configuration. |
0
dc2bfef4cda7
Initial commit: Basic structure, macros and fonts.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
3357 |
49 | 3358 |
58
814c33b96d89
Restructured the content in ch03.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
51
diff
changeset
|
3359 |
814c33b96d89
Restructured the content in ch03.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
51
diff
changeset
|
3360 |
814c33b96d89
Restructured the content in ch03.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
51
diff
changeset
|
3361 |
814c33b96d89
Restructured the content in ch03.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
51
diff
changeset
|
3362 |
89 | 3363 .H1 "Concept Exploitation/Homogeneity |
58
814c33b96d89
Restructured the content in ch03.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
51
diff
changeset
|
3364 |
814c33b96d89
Restructured the content in ch03.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
51
diff
changeset
|
3365 |
814c33b96d89
Restructured the content in ch03.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
51
diff
changeset
|
3366 .H2 "Draft Folder |
814c33b96d89
Restructured the content in ch03.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
51
diff
changeset
|
3367 .P |
814c33b96d89
Restructured the content in ch03.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
51
diff
changeset
|
3368 Historically, MH provided exactly one draft message, named |
814c33b96d89
Restructured the content in ch03.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
51
diff
changeset
|
3369 .Fn draft |
814c33b96d89
Restructured the content in ch03.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
51
diff
changeset
|
3370 and |
104 | 3371 being located in the MH directory. |
3372 When starting to compose another message | |
58
814c33b96d89
Restructured the content in ch03.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
51
diff
changeset
|
3373 before the former one was sent, the user had been questioned whether to use, |
104 | 3374 refile or replace the old draft. |
3375 Working on multiple drafts at the same time | |
3376 was impossible. | |
3377 One could only work on them in alteration by refiling the | |
3378 previous one to some directory and fetching some other one for reediting. | |
58
814c33b96d89
Restructured the content in ch03.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
51
diff
changeset
|
3379 This manual draft management needed to be done each time the user wanted |
814c33b96d89
Restructured the content in ch03.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
51
diff
changeset
|
3380 to switch between editing one draft to editing another. |
814c33b96d89
Restructured the content in ch03.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
51
diff
changeset
|
3381 .P |
814c33b96d89
Restructured the content in ch03.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
51
diff
changeset
|
3382 To allow true parallel editing of drafts, in a straight forward way, the |
104 | 3383 draft folder facility exists. |
3384 It had been introduced already in July 1984 | |
3385 by Marshall T. Rose. | |
110 | 3386 The facility was inactive by default. |
3387 Even in nmh, the draft folder facility remained inactive by default. | |
58
814c33b96d89
Restructured the content in ch03.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
51
diff
changeset
|
3388 At least, Richard Coleman added the man page |
814c33b96d89
Restructured the content in ch03.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
51
diff
changeset
|
3389 .Mp mh-draft(5) |
814c33b96d89
Restructured the content in ch03.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
51
diff
changeset
|
3390 to document |
814c33b96d89
Restructured the content in ch03.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
51
diff
changeset
|
3391 the feature well. |
814c33b96d89
Restructured the content in ch03.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
51
diff
changeset
|
3392 .P |
814c33b96d89
Restructured the content in ch03.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
51
diff
changeset
|
3393 The only advantage of not using the draft folder facility is the static |
104 | 3394 name of the draft file. |
3395 This could be an issue for MH front-ends like mh-e. | |
58
814c33b96d89
Restructured the content in ch03.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
51
diff
changeset
|
3396 But as they likely want to provide working on multiple drafts in parallel, |
104 | 3397 the issue is only concerning compatibility. |
3398 The aim of nmh to stay compatible | |
58
814c33b96d89
Restructured the content in ch03.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
51
diff
changeset
|
3399 prevented the default activation of the draft folder facility. |
814c33b96d89
Restructured the content in ch03.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
51
diff
changeset
|
3400 .P |
814c33b96d89
Restructured the content in ch03.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
51
diff
changeset
|
3401 On the other hand, a draft folder is the much more natural concept than |
104 | 3402 a draft message. |
3403 MH's mail storage consists of folders and messages, | |
3404 the messages named with ascending numbers. | |
3405 A draft message breaks with this | |
58
814c33b96d89
Restructured the content in ch03.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
51
diff
changeset
|
3406 concept by introducing a message in a file named |
814c33b96d89
Restructured the content in ch03.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
51
diff
changeset
|
3407 .Fn draft . |
814c33b96d89
Restructured the content in ch03.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
51
diff
changeset
|
3408 This draft |
104 | 3409 message is special. |
3410 It can not be simply listed with the available tools, | |
3411 but instead requires special switches. | |
3412 I.e. corner-cases were | |
3413 introduced. | |
3414 A draft folder, in contrast, does not introduce such | |
3415 corner-cases. | |
3416 The available tools can operate on the messages within that | |
3417 folder like on any messages within any mail folders. | |
3418 The only difference | |
58
814c33b96d89
Restructured the content in ch03.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
51
diff
changeset
|
3419 is the fact that the default folder for |
814c33b96d89
Restructured the content in ch03.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
51
diff
changeset
|
3420 .Pn send |
814c33b96d89
Restructured the content in ch03.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
51
diff
changeset
|
3421 is the draft folder, |
814c33b96d89
Restructured the content in ch03.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
51
diff
changeset
|
3422 instead of the current folder, like for all other tools. |
814c33b96d89
Restructured the content in ch03.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
51
diff
changeset
|
3423 .P |
814c33b96d89
Restructured the content in ch03.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
51
diff
changeset
|
3424 The trivial part of the change was activating the draft folder facility |
104 | 3425 by default and setting a default name for this folder. |
3426 Obviously, I chose | |
58
814c33b96d89
Restructured the content in ch03.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
51
diff
changeset
|
3427 the name |
814c33b96d89
Restructured the content in ch03.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
51
diff
changeset
|
3428 .Fn +drafts . |
814c33b96d89
Restructured the content in ch03.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
51
diff
changeset
|
3429 This made the |
82
ff4537327162
Mayor rework: Replaced .DS with .VS, a better verbatim environment.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
78
diff
changeset
|
3430 .Sw -draftfolder |
58
814c33b96d89
Restructured the content in ch03.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
51
diff
changeset
|
3431 and |
82
ff4537327162
Mayor rework: Replaced .DS with .VS, a better verbatim environment.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
78
diff
changeset
|
3432 .Sw -draftmessage |
58
814c33b96d89
Restructured the content in ch03.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
51
diff
changeset
|
3433 switches useless, and I could remove them. |
814c33b96d89
Restructured the content in ch03.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
51
diff
changeset
|
3434 The more difficult but also the part that showed the real improvement, |
814c33b96d89
Restructured the content in ch03.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
51
diff
changeset
|
3435 was updating the tools to the new concept. |
82
ff4537327162
Mayor rework: Replaced .DS with .VS, a better verbatim environment.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
78
diff
changeset
|
3436 .Sw -draft |
58
814c33b96d89
Restructured the content in ch03.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
51
diff
changeset
|
3437 switches could |
814c33b96d89
Restructured the content in ch03.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
51
diff
changeset
|
3438 be dropped, as operating on a draft message became indistinguishable to |
814c33b96d89
Restructured the content in ch03.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
51
diff
changeset
|
3439 operating on any other message for the tools. |
814c33b96d89
Restructured the content in ch03.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
51
diff
changeset
|
3440 .Pn comp |
814c33b96d89
Restructured the content in ch03.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
51
diff
changeset
|
3441 still has its |
82
ff4537327162
Mayor rework: Replaced .DS with .VS, a better verbatim environment.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
78
diff
changeset
|
3442 .Sw -use |
58
814c33b96d89
Restructured the content in ch03.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
51
diff
changeset
|
3443 switch for switching between its two modes: (1) Compose a new |
104 | 3444 draft, possibly by taking some existing message as a form. |
3445 (2) Modify | |
3446 an existing draft. | |
3447 In either case, the behavior of | |
58
814c33b96d89
Restructured the content in ch03.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
51
diff
changeset
|
3448 .Pn comp is |
104 | 3449 deterministic. |
3450 There is no more need to query the user. | |
3451 I consider this | |
3452 a major improvement. | |
3453 By making | |
58
814c33b96d89
Restructured the content in ch03.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
51
diff
changeset
|
3454 .Pn send |
814c33b96d89
Restructured the content in ch03.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
51
diff
changeset
|
3455 simply operate on the current |
814c33b96d89
Restructured the content in ch03.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
51
diff
changeset
|
3456 message in the draft folder by default, with message and folder both |
814c33b96d89
Restructured the content in ch03.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
51
diff
changeset
|
3457 overridable by specifying them on the command line, it is now possible |
814c33b96d89
Restructured the content in ch03.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
51
diff
changeset
|
3458 to send a draft anywhere within the storage by simply specifying its folder |
814c33b96d89
Restructured the content in ch03.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
51
diff
changeset
|
3459 and name. |
814c33b96d89
Restructured the content in ch03.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
51
diff
changeset
|
3460 .P |
814c33b96d89
Restructured the content in ch03.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
51
diff
changeset
|
3461 All theses changes converted special cases to regular cases, thus |
814c33b96d89
Restructured the content in ch03.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
51
diff
changeset
|
3462 simplifying the tools and increasing the flexibility. |
814c33b96d89
Restructured the content in ch03.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
51
diff
changeset
|
3463 |
814c33b96d89
Restructured the content in ch03.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
51
diff
changeset
|
3464 |
814c33b96d89
Restructured the content in ch03.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
51
diff
changeset
|
3465 .H2 "Trash Folder |
814c33b96d89
Restructured the content in ch03.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
51
diff
changeset
|
3466 .P |
814c33b96d89
Restructured the content in ch03.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
51
diff
changeset
|
3467 Similar to the situation for drafts is the situation for removed messages. |
104 | 3468 Historically, a message was deleted by renaming. |
3469 A specific | |
58
814c33b96d89
Restructured the content in ch03.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
51
diff
changeset
|
3470 \fIbackup prefix\fP, often comma (\c |
814c33b96d89
Restructured the content in ch03.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
51
diff
changeset
|
3471 .Fn , ) |
814c33b96d89
Restructured the content in ch03.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
51
diff
changeset
|
3472 or hash (\c |
814c33b96d89
Restructured the content in ch03.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
51
diff
changeset
|
3473 .Fn # ), |
104 | 3474 being prepended to the file name. |
3475 Thus, MH wouldn't recognize the file | |
58
814c33b96d89
Restructured the content in ch03.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
51
diff
changeset
|
3476 as a message anymore, as only files whose name consists of digits only |
104 | 3477 are treated as messages. |
3478 The removed messages remained as files in the | |
58
814c33b96d89
Restructured the content in ch03.
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diff
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|
3479 same directory and needed some maintenance job to truly delete them after |
104 | 3480 some grace time. |
3481 Usually, by running a command similar to | |
82
ff4537327162
Mayor rework: Replaced .DS with .VS, a better verbatim environment.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
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|
3482 .VS |
ff4537327162
Mayor rework: Replaced .DS with .VS, a better verbatim environment.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
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diff
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|
3483 find /home/user/Mail -ctime +7 -name ',*' | xargs rm |
ff4537327162
Mayor rework: Replaced .DS with .VS, a better verbatim environment.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
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|
3484 VE |
104 | 3485 in a cron job. |
3486 Within the grace time interval | |
58
814c33b96d89
Restructured the content in ch03.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
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diff
changeset
|
3487 the original message could be restored by stripping the |
104 | 3488 the backup prefix from the file name. |
3489 If however, the last message of | |
58
814c33b96d89
Restructured the content in ch03.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
51
diff
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|
3490 a folder is been removed \(en say message |
814c33b96d89
Restructured the content in ch03.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
51
diff
changeset
|
3491 .Fn 6 |
814c33b96d89
Restructured the content in ch03.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
51
diff
changeset
|
3492 becomes file |
814c33b96d89
Restructured the content in ch03.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
51
diff
changeset
|
3493 .Fn ,6 |
814c33b96d89
Restructured the content in ch03.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
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51
diff
changeset
|
3494 \(en and a new message enters the same folder, thus the same |
814c33b96d89
Restructured the content in ch03.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
51
diff
changeset
|
3495 numbered being given again \(en in our case |
814c33b96d89
Restructured the content in ch03.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
51
diff
changeset
|
3496 .Fn 6 |
814c33b96d89
Restructured the content in ch03.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
51
diff
changeset
|
3497 \(en, if that one |
814c33b96d89
Restructured the content in ch03.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
51
diff
changeset
|
3498 is removed too, then the backup of the former message gets overwritten. |
814c33b96d89
Restructured the content in ch03.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
51
diff
changeset
|
3499 Thus, the ability to restore removed messages does not only depend on |
814c33b96d89
Restructured the content in ch03.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
51
diff
changeset
|
3500 the ``sweeping cron job'' but also on the removing of further messages. |
814c33b96d89
Restructured the content in ch03.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
51
diff
changeset
|
3501 This is undesirable, because the real mechanism is hidden from the user |
814c33b96d89
Restructured the content in ch03.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
51
diff
changeset
|
3502 and the consequences of further removals are not always obvious. |
814c33b96d89
Restructured the content in ch03.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
51
diff
changeset
|
3503 Further more, the backup files are scattered within the whole mail |
814c33b96d89
Restructured the content in ch03.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
51
diff
changeset
|
3504 storage, instead of being collected at one place. |
814c33b96d89
Restructured the content in ch03.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
51
diff
changeset
|
3505 .P |
814c33b96d89
Restructured the content in ch03.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
51
diff
changeset
|
3506 To improve the situation, the profile entry |
814c33b96d89
Restructured the content in ch03.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
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51
diff
changeset
|
3507 .Pe rmmproc |
814c33b96d89
Restructured the content in ch03.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
51
diff
changeset
|
3508 (previously named |
814c33b96d89
Restructured the content in ch03.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
51
diff
changeset
|
3509 .Pe Delete-Prog ) |
814c33b96d89
Restructured the content in ch03.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
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51
diff
changeset
|
3510 was introduced, very early. |
814c33b96d89
Restructured the content in ch03.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
51
diff
changeset
|
3511 It could be set to any command, which would care for the mail removal |
814c33b96d89
Restructured the content in ch03.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
51
diff
changeset
|
3512 instead of taking the default action, described above. |
814c33b96d89
Restructured the content in ch03.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3513 Refiling the to-be-removed files to some garbage folder was a common |
104 | 3514 example. |
3515 Nmh's man page | |
58
814c33b96d89
Restructured the content in ch03.
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diff
changeset
|
3516 .Mp rmm(1) |
814c33b96d89
Restructured the content in ch03.
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diff
changeset
|
3517 proposes |
814c33b96d89
Restructured the content in ch03.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3518 .Cl "refile +d |
814c33b96d89
Restructured the content in ch03.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
51
diff
changeset
|
3519 to move messages to the garbage folder and |
814c33b96d89
Restructured the content in ch03.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
51
diff
changeset
|
3520 .Cl "rm `mhpath +d all` |
814c33b96d89
Restructured the content in ch03.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
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51
diff
changeset
|
3521 the empty the garbage folder. |
104 | 3522 Managing the message removal this way is a sane approach. |
3523 It keeps | |
58
814c33b96d89
Restructured the content in ch03.
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parents:
51
diff
changeset
|
3524 the removed messages in one place, makes it easy to remove the backup |
814c33b96d89
Restructured the content in ch03.
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parents:
51
diff
changeset
|
3525 files, and, most important, enables the user to use the tools of MH |
104 | 3526 itself to operate on the removed messages. |
3527 One can | |
58
814c33b96d89
Restructured the content in ch03.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
51
diff
changeset
|
3528 .Pn scan |
814c33b96d89
Restructured the content in ch03.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
51
diff
changeset
|
3529 them, |
814c33b96d89
Restructured the content in ch03.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
51
diff
changeset
|
3530 .Pn show |
814c33b96d89
Restructured the content in ch03.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
51
diff
changeset
|
3531 them, and restore them with |
814c33b96d89
Restructured the content in ch03.
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parents:
51
diff
changeset
|
3532 .Pn refile . |
814c33b96d89
Restructured the content in ch03.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
51
diff
changeset
|
3533 There's no more |
814c33b96d89
Restructured the content in ch03.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
51
diff
changeset
|
3534 need to use |
814c33b96d89
Restructured the content in ch03.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
51
diff
changeset
|
3535 .Pn mhpath |
814c33b96d89
Restructured the content in ch03.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
51
diff
changeset
|
3536 to switch over from MH tools to Unix tools \(en MH can do it all itself. |
814c33b96d89
Restructured the content in ch03.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
51
diff
changeset
|
3537 .P |
814c33b96d89
Restructured the content in ch03.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
51
diff
changeset
|
3538 This approach matches perfect with the concepts of MH, thus making |
104 | 3539 it powerful. |
3540 Hence, I made it the default. | |
3541 And even more, I also | |
58
814c33b96d89
Restructured the content in ch03.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
51
diff
changeset
|
3542 removed the old backup prefix approach, as it is clearly less powerful. |
814c33b96d89
Restructured the content in ch03.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
51
diff
changeset
|
3543 Keeping unused alternative in the code is a bad choice as they likely |
104 | 3544 gather bugs, by not being constantly tested. |
3545 Also, the increased code | |
3546 size and more conditions crease the maintenance costs. | |
3547 By strictly | |
58
814c33b96d89
Restructured the content in ch03.
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51
diff
changeset
|
3548 converting to the trash folder approach, I simplified the code base. |
814c33b96d89
Restructured the content in ch03.
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51
diff
changeset
|
3549 .Pn rmm |
814c33b96d89
Restructured the content in ch03.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
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51
diff
changeset
|
3550 calls |
814c33b96d89
Restructured the content in ch03.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
51
diff
changeset
|
3551 .Pn refile |
814c33b96d89
Restructured the content in ch03.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
51
diff
changeset
|
3552 internally to move the to-be-removed |
814c33b96d89
Restructured the content in ch03.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
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51
diff
changeset
|
3553 message to the trash folder (\c |
814c33b96d89
Restructured the content in ch03.
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51
diff
changeset
|
3554 .Fn +trash |
104 | 3555 by default). |
3556 Messages | |
58
814c33b96d89
Restructured the content in ch03.
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51
diff
changeset
|
3557 there can be operated on like on any other message in the storage. |
814c33b96d89
Restructured the content in ch03.
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51
diff
changeset
|
3558 The sweep clean, one can use |
82
ff4537327162
Mayor rework: Replaced .DS with .VS, a better verbatim environment.
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78
diff
changeset
|
3559 .Cl "rmm -unlink +trash a" , |
58
814c33b96d89
Restructured the content in ch03.
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51
diff
changeset
|
3560 where the |
82
ff4537327162
Mayor rework: Replaced .DS with .VS, a better verbatim environment.
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78
diff
changeset
|
3561 .Sw -unlink |
58
814c33b96d89
Restructured the content in ch03.
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51
diff
changeset
|
3562 switch causes the files to be truly unliked instead |
814c33b96d89
Restructured the content in ch03.
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51
diff
changeset
|
3563 of moved to the trash folder. |
814c33b96d89
Restructured the content in ch03.
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51
diff
changeset
|
3564 |
814c33b96d89
Restructured the content in ch03.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
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51
diff
changeset
|
3565 |
814c33b96d89
Restructured the content in ch03.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
51
diff
changeset
|
3566 .H2 "Path Notations |
814c33b96d89
Restructured the content in ch03.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
51
diff
changeset
|
3567 .P |
814c33b96d89
Restructured the content in ch03.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
51
diff
changeset
|
3568 foo |
814c33b96d89
Restructured the content in ch03.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
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51
diff
changeset
|
3569 |
814c33b96d89
Restructured the content in ch03.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
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51
diff
changeset
|
3570 |
814c33b96d89
Restructured the content in ch03.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
51
diff
changeset
|
3571 .H2 "MIME Integration |
814c33b96d89
Restructured the content in ch03.
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parents:
51
diff
changeset
|
3572 .P |
814c33b96d89
Restructured the content in ch03.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
51
diff
changeset
|
3573 user-visible access to whole messages and MIME parts are inherently |
814c33b96d89
Restructured the content in ch03.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
51
diff
changeset
|
3574 different |
814c33b96d89
Restructured the content in ch03.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
51
diff
changeset
|
3575 |
814c33b96d89
Restructured the content in ch03.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
51
diff
changeset
|
3576 |
814c33b96d89
Restructured the content in ch03.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
51
diff
changeset
|
3577 .H2 "Of One Cast |
814c33b96d89
Restructured the content in ch03.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
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51
diff
changeset
|
3578 .P |