Mercurial > docs > master
annotate ch03.roff @ 55:89e7a32d1f10
bib: Added yet missing refs.
author | markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> |
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date | Sun, 20 May 2012 21:46:00 +0200 |
parents | 49cf68506b5d |
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1 .H0 "Work Report |
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2 .P |
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3 foo |
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4 .P |
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5 bar |
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6 |
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7 .H1 "Removal of Code Relicts |
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8 .P |
51 | 9 The code base of mmh originates from the late Seventies, |
10 had been extensively | |
11 worked on in the mid Eighties, and had been partly reorganized and extended | |
12 in the Nineties. Relicts of all those times had gathered in the code base. | |
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13 My goal was to remove any ancient code parts. One part of the task was |
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14 converting obsolete code constructs to standard constructs, the other part |
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15 was dropping obsolete functions. |
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16 .P |
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17 As I'm not even thirty years old and have no more than seven years of |
51 | 18 Unix experience, I needed to learn about the history in retrospective. |
19 Older people likely have used those ancient constructs themselves | |
20 and have suffered from their incompatibilities and have longed for | |
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21 standardization. Unfortunately, I have only read that others had done so. |
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22 This put me in a much more difficult positions when working on the old |
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23 code. I needed to recherche what other would have known by heart from |
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24 experience. All my programming experience comes from a time past ANSI C |
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25 and past POSIX. Although I knew about the times before, I took the |
51 | 26 current state implicitly for granted most of the time. |
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27 .P |
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28 Being aware of |
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29 these facts, I rather let people with more historic experience solve the |
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30 task of converting the ancient code constructs to standardized ones. |
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31 Luckily, Lyndon Nerenberg focused on this task at the nmh project. |
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32 He converted large parts of the code to POSIX constructs, removing |
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33 the conditionals compilation for now standardized features. |
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34 I'm thankful for this task being solved. I only pulled the changes into |
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35 mmh. |
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36 .P |
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37 The other task \(en dropping ancient functionality to remove old code \(en |
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38 I did myself, though. My position to strip mmh to the bare minimum of |
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39 frequently used features is much more revolutional than the nmh community |
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40 likes it. Without the need to justify my decisions, I was able to quickly |
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41 remove functionality I considered ancient. |
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42 The need to discuss my decisions with |
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43 peers likely would have slowed this process down. Of course, I researched |
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44 if a particular feature really should be dropped. Having not had any |
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45 contact to this feature within my computer life was a first indicator to |
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46 drop it, but I also asked others and searched the literature for modern |
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47 usage of the feature. If it appeared to be truly ancient, I dropped it. |
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48 The reason for dropping is always part of the commit message in the |
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49 version control system. Thus, it is easy for others to check their |
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50 view on the topic with mine and possibly to argue for reinclusion. |
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51 |
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52 .U2 "MMDF maildrop support |
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53 .P |
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54 I did drop any support for the MMDF maildrop format. This type of format |
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55 is conceptionally similar to the mbox format, but uses four bytes with |
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56 value 1 (\fL^A^A^A^A\fP) as message delimiter, |
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57 instead of the string ``\fLFrom\ \fP''. |
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58 Due to the similarity and mbox being the de-facto standard maildrop |
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59 format on Unix, but also due to the larger influence of Sendmail than MMDF, |
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60 the MMDF maildrop format had vanished. |
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61 .P |
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62 The simplifications within the code were only moderate. Switches could |
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63 be removed from tools like |
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64 .L packf , |
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65 which generate packed mailboxes. Only one packed mailbox format remained: |
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66 mbox. |
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67 The most important changes affect the equally named mail parsing routine in |
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68 .L sbr/m_getfld.c . |
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69 The direct MMDF code had been removed, but as now only one packed mailbox |
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70 format is left, code structure simplifications are likely possible. |
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71 The reason why they are still outstanding is the heavily optimized code |
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72 of |
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73 .Fu m_getfld() . |
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74 Changes beyond a small local scope \(en |
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75 which restructuring in its core is \(en cause a high risk of damaging |
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76 the intricate workings of the optimized code. This problem is know |
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77 to the developers of nmh, too. They also avoid touching this minefield |
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78 if possible. |
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79 |
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80 .U2 "UUCP Bang Paths |
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81 .P |
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82 More questionably than the former topic is the removal of support for the |
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83 UUCP bang path address style. However, the user may translate the bang |
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84 paths on retrieval to Internet addresses and the other way on posting |
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85 messages. The former can be done my an MDA like procmail; the latter |
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86 by a sendmail wrapper. This would ensure that any address handling would |
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87 work as expected. However, it might just work well without any |
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88 such modifications, as mmh does not touch addresses much, in general. |
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89 But I can't ensure as I have never used an environment with bang paths. |
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90 Also, the behavior might break at any point in further development. |
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91 |
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92 .U2 "Hardcopy terminal support |
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93 .P |
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94 More of a funny anecdote is the remaining of a check for printing to a |
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95 hardcopy terminal until Spring 2012, when I finally removed it. |
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96 I surely would be very happy to see such a terminal in action, maybe |
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97 actually being able to work on it, but I fear my chances are null. |
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98 .P |
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99 The check only prevented a pager to be placed between the outputting |
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100 program (\c |
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101 .Pn mhl ) |
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102 and the terminal. This could have been ensured with |
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103 the |
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104 .Sw \-nomoreproc |
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105 at the command line statically, too. |
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106 |
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107 .U2 "Removed support for header fields |
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108 .P |
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109 The `Encrypted' header had been introduced by RFC\^822, but already |
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110 marked legacy in RFC 2822. It was superseded by FIXME. |
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111 Mmh does no more support this header. |
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112 .P |
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113 Native support for `Face' headers |
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114 had been removed, as well. |
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115 The feature is similar to the `X-Face' header in its intent, |
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116 but takes a different approach to store the image. |
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117 Instead of encoding the image data directly into the header, |
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118 the the header contains the hostname and UDP port where the image |
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119 date could be retrieved. |
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120 Neither `X-Face' nor the here described `Face' system |
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121 \** |
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122 .FS |
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123 There is also a newer but different system, invented 2005, |
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124 using `Face' headers. |
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125 It is the successor of `X-Face' providing colored PNG images. |
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126 .FE |
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127 became well used in the large scale. |
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128 It's still possible to use a Face systems, |
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129 although mmh does not provide support for any of the different systems |
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130 anymore. It's fairly easy to write a small shell script to |
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131 extract the embedded or fetch the external Face data and display the image. |
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132 Own Face headers can be added into the draft template files. |
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133 .P |
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134 `Content-MD5' headers were introduced by RFC\^1864. They provide only |
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135 a verification of data corruption during the transfer. By no means can |
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136 they ensure verbatim end-to-end delivery of the contents. This is clearly |
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137 stated in the RFC. The proper approach to provide verificationability |
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138 of content in an end-to-end relationship is the use of digital cryptography |
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139 (RFCs FIXME). On the other hand, transfer protocols should ensure the |
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140 integrity of the transmission. In combinations these two approaches |
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141 make the `Content-MD5' header field useless. In consequence, I removed |
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142 the support for it. By this removal, MD5 computation is not needed |
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143 anywhere in mmh. Hence, over 500 lines of code were removed by this one |
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144 change. Even if the `Content-MD5' header field is useful sometimes, |
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145 I value its usefulnes less than the improvement in maintainability, caused |
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146 by the removal. |
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147 |
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148 .U2 "Prompter's Control Keys |
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149 .P |
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150 The program |
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151 .Pn prompter |
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152 queries the user to fill in a message form. When used by |
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153 .Pn comp |
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154 as: |
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155 .DS |
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156 comp \-editor prompter |
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157 .DE |
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158 the resulting behavior is similar to |
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159 .Pn mailx . |
51 | 160 Apparently, |
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161 .Pn prompter |
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162 hadn't been touched lately. Otherwise it's hardly explainable why it |
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163 still offered the switches |
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164 .Sn \-erase \fUchr\fP |
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165 and |
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166 .Sn \-kill \fUchr\fP |
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167 to name the characters for command line editing. |
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168 The times when this had been necessary are long time gone. |
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169 Today these things work out-of-the-box, and if not, are configured |
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170 with the standard tool |
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171 .Pn stty . |
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172 |
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173 .U2 "Vfork and Retry Loops |
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174 .P |
51 | 175 MH creates many processes, which is a consequence of the tool chest approach. |
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176 In earlier times |
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177 .Fu fork() |
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178 had been an expensive system call, as the process's whole image needed |
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179 to be duplicated. One common case is replacing the image with |
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180 .Fu exec() |
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181 right after having forked the child process. |
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182 To speed up this case, the |
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183 .Fu vfork() |
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184 system call was invented at Berkeley. It completely omits copying the |
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185 image. If the image gets replaced right afterwards then unnecessary |
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186 work is omited. On old systems this results in large speed ups. |
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187 MH uses |
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188 .Fu vfork() |
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189 whenever possible. |
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190 .P |
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191 Memory management units that support copy-on-write semantics make |
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192 .Fu fork() |
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193 almost as fast as |
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194 .Fu vfork() |
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195 in the cases when they can be exchanged. |
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196 With |
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197 .Fu vfork() |
51 | 198 being more error-prone and hardly faster, it's preferable to simply |
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199 use |
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200 .Fu fork() |
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201 instead. |
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202 .P |
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203 Related to the costs of |
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204 .Fu fork() |
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205 is the probability of its success. |
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206 Today on modern systems, the system call will succeed almost always. |
51 | 207 In the Eighties on heavy loaded systems, as they were common at |
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208 universities, this had been different. Thus, many of the |
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209 .Fu fork() |
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210 calls were wrapped into loops to retry to fork several times in |
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211 short intervals, in case of previous failure. |
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212 In mmh, the program aborts at once if the fork failed. |
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213 The user can reexecute the command then. This is expected to be a |
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214 very rare case on modern systems, especially personal ones, which are |
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215 common today. |
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216 |
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217 |
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218 .H1 "Removal of Tools |
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219 .P |
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220 MH had been considered an all-in-one system for mail handling. |
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221 The community around nmh has a similar understanding. |
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222 In fundamental difference, I believe that mmh should be a MUA but |
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223 nothing more. I believe that all-in-one mail systems are not the way |
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224 to go. There are excellent specialized MTAs, like Postfix; |
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225 there are specialized MDAs, like Procmail; there are specialized |
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226 MRAs, like Fetchmail. I believe it's best to use them instead of |
51 | 227 providing the same function ourselves. Doing something well requires to |
22
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228 focus on this particular aspect or a small set of aspects. The more |
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229 it is possible to focus, the better the result in this particular |
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230 area will be. The limiting resource in Free Software community development |
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231 usually is human power. If the low development power is even parted |
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232 into multiple development areas, it will hardly be possible to |
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233 compete with the specialists in the various fields. This is even |
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234 increased, given the small community \(en developers and users \(en |
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235 that MH-based mail systems have. In consequence, I believe that the |
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236 available resources should be concentrated at the point where MH is |
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237 most unique. This is clearly the MUA part. |
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238 .P |
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239 Several of nmh's tools were removed from mmh because they didn't |
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240 match the main focus of adding to the MUA's task. |
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241 .P |
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242 .Pn conflict |
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243 was removed because it is a mail system maintenance tool. |
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244 Besides, it also checks the |
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245 .Fn /etc/passwd |
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246 and |
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247 .Fn /etc/group |
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248 files. |
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249 The tool might be useful, but it should not be shipped with mmh. |
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250 .P |
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251 .Pn rcvtty |
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252 was removed because its usecase of writing to the user's terminal |
51 | 253 on receiving of mail is hardly wanted today. If users like to be |
22
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254 informed of new mail, then using the shell's |
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255 .Ev MAILPATH |
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256 variable or different (graphical) notifications are likely more |
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257 appealing. Writing directly to other terminals is hardly ever wanted |
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258 today. If though one wants to have it this way, the standard tool |
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259 .Pn write |
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260 can be used in a way similar to: |
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261 .DS |
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262 scan -file - | write `id -un` |
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263 .DE |
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264 .P |
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265 When the new attachment system was introduced, |
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266 .Pn viamail |
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267 was removed because then |
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268 .Pn forw |
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269 could cover the task itself. |
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270 The wrapper program |
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271 .Pn sendfiles |
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272 was rewritten as a shell script to use |
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273 .Pn forw . |
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274 .P |
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275 .Pn msgchk |
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276 was removed as it became hardly useful when POP support was removed. |
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277 It is questionable if |
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278 .Pn msgchk |
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279 provides more information than: |
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280 .DS |
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281 ls -l /var/mail/meillo |
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282 .DE |
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283 It does separate between old and new mail, but that's not very |
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284 useful and can be found out with |
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285 .Pn stat (1) |
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286 too. A very small shell script could care for the form of output. |
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287 As mmh's inc only incorporates mail from the user's local maildrop |
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288 and thus no long data transfers are involved, |
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289 there's no need to check for new mail before incorporating it. |
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290 .P |
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291 .Pn msh |
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292 was removed because the tool was in conflict with the original |
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293 philosophy of MH. It provided an interactive shell to access the |
51 | 294 features of MH. One major feature of MH is being a tool chest. |
22
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295 .Pn msh |
51 | 296 wouldn't be just another shell, tailored to the needs of mail |
22
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297 handling, but one large program to have the MH tools built in. |
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298 It's main use was for accessing Bulletin Boards, which have seized to |
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299 be popular. Removing |
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300 .Pn msh , |
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301 together with the truly obsolete programs |
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302 .Pn vmh |
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303 and |
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304 .Pn wmh , |
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305 saved more than 7\|000 lines of C code \(en a major achievement. |
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306 |
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307 |
14
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308 .H1 "Draft and Trash Folders |
16
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309 .U2 "Draft Folder |
14
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310 .P |
18
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311 Historically, MH provided exactly one draft message, named |
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312 .Fn draft |
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313 and |
14
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314 being located in the MH directory. When starting to compose another message |
51 | 315 before the former one was sent, the user had been questioned whether to use, |
14
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316 refile or replace the old draft. Working on multiple drafts at the same time |
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317 was impossible. One could only work on them in alteration by refiling the |
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318 previous one to some directory and fetching some other one for reediting. |
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319 This manual draft management needed to be done each time the user wanted |
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320 to switch between editing one draft to editing another. |
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321 .P |
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322 To allow true parallel editing of drafts, in a straight forward way, the |
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323 draft folder facility exists. It had been introduced already in July 1984 |
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|
324 by Marshall T. Rose. The facility was deactivated by default. |
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325 Even in nmh, the draft folder facility remained deactivated by default. |
18
db3567c9cc3f
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326 At least, Richard Coleman added the man page |
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327 .Mp mh-draft(5) |
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|
328 to document |
14
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329 the feature well. |
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330 .P |
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331 The only advantage of not using the draft folder facility is the static |
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332 name of the draft file. This could be an issue for MH frontends like mh-e. |
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333 But as they likely want to provide working on multiple drafts in parallel, |
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|
334 the issue is only concerning compatibility. The aim of nmh to stay compatible |
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335 prevented the default activation of the draft folder facility. |
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Wrote about the draft folder.
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|
336 .P |
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337 On the other hand, a draft folder is the much more natural concept than |
55ec590cfa07
Wrote about the draft folder.
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338 a draft message. MH's mail storage consists of folders and messages, |
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339 the messages named with ascending numbers. A draft message breaks with this |
18
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340 concept by introducing a message in a file named |
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341 .Fn draft . |
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|
342 This draft |
14
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343 message is special. It can not be simply listed with the available tools, |
17
b3c37947764e
Several minor text improvements.
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344 but instead requires special switches. I.e. corner-cases were |
14
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345 introduced. A draft folder, in contrast, does not introduce such |
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346 corner-cases. The available tools can operate on the messages within that |
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347 folder like on any messages within any mail folders. The only difference |
18
db3567c9cc3f
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348 is the fact that the default folder for |
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349 .Pn send |
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|
350 is the draft folder, |
14
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Wrote about the draft folder.
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351 instead of the current folder, like for all other tools. |
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|
352 .P |
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|
353 The trivial part of the change was activating the draft folder facility |
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354 by default and setting a default name for this folder. Obviously, I chose |
18
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355 the name |
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356 .Fn +drafts . |
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357 This made the |
db3567c9cc3f
style: Added format macros for files, functions, switches, etc.
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358 .Sw \-draftfolder |
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style: Added format macros for files, functions, switches, etc.
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|
359 and |
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|
360 .Sw \-draftmessage |
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style: Added format macros for files, functions, switches, etc.
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361 switches useless, and I could remove them. |
14
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Wrote about the draft folder.
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362 The more difficult but also the part that showed the real improvement, |
18
db3567c9cc3f
style: Added format macros for files, functions, switches, etc.
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363 was updating the tools to the new concept. |
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|
364 .Sw \-draft |
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|
365 switches could |
14
55ec590cfa07
Wrote about the draft folder.
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366 be dropped, as operating on a draft message became indistinguishable to |
18
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367 operating on any other message for the tools. |
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368 .Pn comp |
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369 still has its |
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370 .Sw \-use |
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371 switch for switching between its two modes: (1) Compose a new |
14
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Wrote about the draft folder.
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372 draft, possibly by taking some existing message as a form. (2) Modify |
18
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373 an existing draft. In either case, the behavior of |
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374 .Pn comp is |
14
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375 deterministic. There is no more need to query the user. I consider this |
18
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376 a major improvement. By making |
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377 .Pn send |
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378 simply operate on the current |
17
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379 message in the draft folder by default, with message and folder both |
14
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380 overridable by specifying them on the command line, it is now possible |
17
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381 to send a draft anywhere within the storage by simply specifying its folder |
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382 and name. |
14
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383 .P |
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Wrote about the draft folder.
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384 All theses changes converted special cases to regular cases, thus |
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Wrote about the draft folder.
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385 simplifying the tools and increasing the flexibility. |
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Wrote about the draft folder.
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|
386 |
16
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387 .U2 "Trash Folder |
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Wrote about the trash folder.
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388 .P |
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389 Similar to the situation for drafts is the situation for removed messages. |
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390 Historically, a message was deleted by renaming. A specific |
18
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391 \fIbackup prefix\fP, often comma (\c |
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392 .Fn , ) |
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393 or hash (\c |
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394 .Fn # ), |
16
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395 being prepended to the file name. Thus, MH wouldn't recognize the file |
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396 as a message anymore, as only files whose name consists of digits only |
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397 are treated as messages. The removed messages remained as files in the |
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398 same directory and needed some maintenance job to truly delete them after |
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399 some grace time. Usually, by running a command similar to |
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400 .DS |
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401 find /home/user/Mail \-ctime +7 \-name ',*' | xargs rm |
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402 .DE |
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403 in a cron job. Within the grace time interval |
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Wrote about the trash folder.
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404 the original message could be restored by stripping the |
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Wrote about the trash folder.
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405 the backup prefix from the file name. If however, the last message of |
18
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406 a folder is been removed \(en say message |
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407 .Fn 6 |
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408 becomes file |
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409 .Fn ,6 |
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410 \(en and a new message enters the same folder, thus the same |
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411 numbered being given again \(en in our case |
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412 .Fn 6 |
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413 \(en, if that one |
17
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414 is removed too, then the backup of the former message gets overwritten. |
16
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415 Thus, the ability to restore removed messages does not only depend on |
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416 the ``sweeping cron job'' but also on the removing of further messages. |
51 | 417 This is undesirable, because the real mechanism is hidden from the user |
418 and the consequences of further removals are not always obvious. | |
16
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419 Further more, the backup files are scattered within the whole mail |
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420 storage, instead of being collected at one place. |
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421 .P |
18
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422 To improve the situation, the profile entry |
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423 .Pe rmmproc |
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424 (previously named |
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425 .Pe Delete-Prog ) |
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426 was introduced, very early. |
16
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427 It could be set to any command, which would care for the mail removal |
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428 instead of taking the default action, described above. |
51 | 429 Refiling the to-be-removed files to some garbage folder was a common |
18
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430 example. Nmh's man page |
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431 .Mp rmm(1) |
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432 proposes |
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433 .Cl "refile +d |
51 | 434 to move messages to the garbage folder and |
18
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435 .Cl "rm `mhpath +d all` |
51 | 436 the empty the garbage folder. |
16
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437 Managing the message removal this way is a sane approach. It keeps |
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438 the removed messages in one place, makes it easy to remove the backup |
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Wrote about the trash folder.
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439 files, and, most important, enables the user to use the tools of MH |
18
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440 itself to operate on the removed messages. One can |
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441 .Pn scan |
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442 them, |
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443 .Pn show |
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444 them, and restore them with |
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|
445 .Pn refile . |
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446 There's no more |
db3567c9cc3f
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447 need to use |
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|
448 .Pn mhpath |
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449 to switch over from MH tools to Unix tools \(en MH can do it all itself. |
16
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450 .P |
51 | 451 This approach matches perfect with the concepts of MH, thus making |
16
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452 it powerful. Hence, I made it the default. And even more, I also |
81f703140554
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453 removed the old backup prefix approach, as it is clearly less powerful. |
81f703140554
Wrote about the trash folder.
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454 Keeping unused alternative in the code is a bad choice as they likely |
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Wrote about the trash folder.
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455 gather bugs, by not being constantly tested. Also, the increased code |
81f703140554
Wrote about the trash folder.
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|
456 size and more conditions crease the maintenance costs. By strictly |
81f703140554
Wrote about the trash folder.
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457 converting to the trash folder approach, I simplified the code base. |
18
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458 .Pn rmm |
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459 calls |
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460 .Pn refile |
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461 internally to move the to-be-removed |
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462 message to the trash folder (\c |
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|
463 .Fn +trash |
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|
464 by default). Messages |
16
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Wrote about the trash folder.
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465 there can be operated on like on any other message in the storage. |
18
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466 The sweep clean, one can use |
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467 .Cl "rmm \-unlink +trash a" , |
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468 where the |
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|
469 .Sw \-unlink |
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470 switch causes the files to be truly unliked instead |
16
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|
471 of moved to the trash folder. |
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Wrote about the trash folder.
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|
472 |
0
dc2bfef4cda7
Initial commit: Basic structure, macros and fonts.
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parents:
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|
473 |
17
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Several minor text improvements.
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|
474 .H1 "MH Directory Split |
0
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Initial commit: Basic structure, macros and fonts.
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|
475 .P |
19
ab5253e48c74
Wrote about the directory split.
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|
476 In MH and nmh, a personal setup had consisted of two parts: |
ab5253e48c74
Wrote about the directory split.
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|
477 The MH profile, named |
ab5253e48c74
Wrote about the directory split.
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|
478 .Fn \&.mh_profile |
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Wrote about the directory split.
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|
479 and being located directly in the user's home directory. |
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Wrote about the directory split.
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480 And the MH directory, where all his mail messages and also his personal |
ab5253e48c74
Wrote about the directory split.
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|
481 forms, scan formats, other configuration files are stored. The location |
ab5253e48c74
Wrote about the directory split.
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|
482 of this directory could be user-chosen. The default was to name it |
ab5253e48c74
Wrote about the directory split.
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|
483 .Fn Mail |
ab5253e48c74
Wrote about the directory split.
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484 and have it directly in the home directory. |
ab5253e48c74
Wrote about the directory split.
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|
485 .P |
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Wrote about the directory split.
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486 I've never liked the data storage and the configuration to be intermixed. |
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Wrote about the directory split.
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487 They are different kinds of data. One part, are the messages, |
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Wrote about the directory split.
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488 which are the data to operate on. The other part, are the personal |
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Wrote about the directory split.
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diff
changeset
|
489 configuration files, which are able to change the behavior of the operations. |
ab5253e48c74
Wrote about the directory split.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
18
diff
changeset
|
490 The actual operations are defined in the profile, however. |
ab5253e48c74
Wrote about the directory split.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
18
diff
changeset
|
491 .P |
ab5253e48c74
Wrote about the directory split.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
18
diff
changeset
|
492 When storing data, one should try to group data by its type. |
ab5253e48c74
Wrote about the directory split.
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parents:
18
diff
changeset
|
493 There's sense in the Unix file system hierarchy, where configuration |
ab5253e48c74
Wrote about the directory split.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
18
diff
changeset
|
494 file are stored separate (\c |
ab5253e48c74
Wrote about the directory split.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
18
diff
changeset
|
495 .Fn /etc ) |
ab5253e48c74
Wrote about the directory split.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
18
diff
changeset
|
496 to the programs (\c |
ab5253e48c74
Wrote about the directory split.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
18
diff
changeset
|
497 .Fn /bin |
ab5253e48c74
Wrote about the directory split.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
18
diff
changeset
|
498 and |
ab5253e48c74
Wrote about the directory split.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
18
diff
changeset
|
499 .Fn /usr/bin ) |
ab5253e48c74
Wrote about the directory split.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
18
diff
changeset
|
500 to their sources (\c |
ab5253e48c74
Wrote about the directory split.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
18
diff
changeset
|
501 .Fn /usr/src ). |
ab5253e48c74
Wrote about the directory split.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
18
diff
changeset
|
502 Such separation eases the backup management, for instance. |
ab5253e48c74
Wrote about the directory split.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
18
diff
changeset
|
503 .P |
ab5253e48c74
Wrote about the directory split.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
18
diff
changeset
|
504 In mmh, I've reorganized the file locations. |
ab5253e48c74
Wrote about the directory split.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
18
diff
changeset
|
505 Still there are two places: |
ab5253e48c74
Wrote about the directory split.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
18
diff
changeset
|
506 There's the mail storage directory, which, like in MH, contains all the |
ab5253e48c74
Wrote about the directory split.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
18
diff
changeset
|
507 messages, but, unlike in MH, nothing else. |
ab5253e48c74
Wrote about the directory split.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
18
diff
changeset
|
508 Its location still is user-chosen, with the default name |
ab5253e48c74
Wrote about the directory split.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
18
diff
changeset
|
509 .Fn Mail , |
ab5253e48c74
Wrote about the directory split.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
18
diff
changeset
|
510 in the user's home directory. This is much similar to the case in nmh. |
ab5253e48c74
Wrote about the directory split.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
18
diff
changeset
|
511 The configuration files, however, are grouped together in the new directory |
ab5253e48c74
Wrote about the directory split.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
18
diff
changeset
|
512 .Fn \&.mmh |
ab5253e48c74
Wrote about the directory split.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
18
diff
changeset
|
513 in the user's home directory. |
ab5253e48c74
Wrote about the directory split.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
18
diff
changeset
|
514 The user's profile now is a file, named |
ab5253e48c74
Wrote about the directory split.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
18
diff
changeset
|
515 .Fn profile , |
ab5253e48c74
Wrote about the directory split.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
18
diff
changeset
|
516 in this mmh directory. |
ab5253e48c74
Wrote about the directory split.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
18
diff
changeset
|
517 Consistently, the context file and all the personal forms, scan formats, |
ab5253e48c74
Wrote about the directory split.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
18
diff
changeset
|
518 and the like, are also there. |
ab5253e48c74
Wrote about the directory split.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
18
diff
changeset
|
519 .P |
ab5253e48c74
Wrote about the directory split.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
18
diff
changeset
|
520 The naming changed with the relocation. |
ab5253e48c74
Wrote about the directory split.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
18
diff
changeset
|
521 The directory where everything, except the profile, had been stored (\c |
ab5253e48c74
Wrote about the directory split.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
18
diff
changeset
|
522 .Fn $HOME/Mail ), |
ab5253e48c74
Wrote about the directory split.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
18
diff
changeset
|
523 used to be called \fIMH directory\fP. Now, this directory is called the |
ab5253e48c74
Wrote about the directory split.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
18
diff
changeset
|
524 user's \fImail storage\fP. The name \fImmh directory\fP is now given to |
ab5253e48c74
Wrote about the directory split.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
18
diff
changeset
|
525 the new directory |
ab5253e48c74
Wrote about the directory split.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
18
diff
changeset
|
526 (\c |
ab5253e48c74
Wrote about the directory split.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
18
diff
changeset
|
527 .Fn $HOME/.mmh ), |
ab5253e48c74
Wrote about the directory split.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
18
diff
changeset
|
528 containing all the personal configuration files. |
ab5253e48c74
Wrote about the directory split.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
18
diff
changeset
|
529 .P |
ab5253e48c74
Wrote about the directory split.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
18
diff
changeset
|
530 The separation of the files by type of content is logical and convenient. |
ab5253e48c74
Wrote about the directory split.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
18
diff
changeset
|
531 There are no functional differences as any possible setup known to me |
ab5253e48c74
Wrote about the directory split.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
18
diff
changeset
|
532 can be implemented with both approaches, although likely a bit easier |
ab5253e48c74
Wrote about the directory split.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
18
diff
changeset
|
533 with the new approach. The main goal of the change had been to provide |
ab5253e48c74
Wrote about the directory split.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
18
diff
changeset
|
534 sensible storage locations for any type of personal mmh file. |
ab5253e48c74
Wrote about the directory split.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
18
diff
changeset
|
535 .P |
ab5253e48c74
Wrote about the directory split.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
18
diff
changeset
|
536 In order for one user to have multiple MH setups, he can use the |
ab5253e48c74
Wrote about the directory split.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
18
diff
changeset
|
537 environment variable |
ab5253e48c74
Wrote about the directory split.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
18
diff
changeset
|
538 .Ev MH |
ab5253e48c74
Wrote about the directory split.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
18
diff
changeset
|
539 the point to a different profile file. |
ab5253e48c74
Wrote about the directory split.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
18
diff
changeset
|
540 The MH directory (mail storage plus personal configuration files) is |
ab5253e48c74
Wrote about the directory split.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
18
diff
changeset
|
541 defined by the |
ab5253e48c74
Wrote about the directory split.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
18
diff
changeset
|
542 .Pe Path |
ab5253e48c74
Wrote about the directory split.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
18
diff
changeset
|
543 profile entry. |
ab5253e48c74
Wrote about the directory split.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
18
diff
changeset
|
544 The context file could be defined by the |
ab5253e48c74
Wrote about the directory split.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
18
diff
changeset
|
545 .Pe context |
ab5253e48c74
Wrote about the directory split.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
18
diff
changeset
|
546 profile entry or by the |
ab5253e48c74
Wrote about the directory split.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
18
diff
changeset
|
547 .Ev MHCONTEXT |
ab5253e48c74
Wrote about the directory split.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
18
diff
changeset
|
548 environment variable. |
ab5253e48c74
Wrote about the directory split.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
18
diff
changeset
|
549 The latter is useful to have a distinct context (e.g. current folders) |
ab5253e48c74
Wrote about the directory split.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
18
diff
changeset
|
550 in each terminal window, for instance. |
ab5253e48c74
Wrote about the directory split.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
18
diff
changeset
|
551 In mmh, there are three environment variables now. |
ab5253e48c74
Wrote about the directory split.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
18
diff
changeset
|
552 .Ev MMH |
ab5253e48c74
Wrote about the directory split.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
18
diff
changeset
|
553 may be used to change the location of the mmh directory. |
ab5253e48c74
Wrote about the directory split.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
18
diff
changeset
|
554 .Ev MMHP |
ab5253e48c74
Wrote about the directory split.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
18
diff
changeset
|
555 and |
ab5253e48c74
Wrote about the directory split.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
18
diff
changeset
|
556 .Ev MMHC |
ab5253e48c74
Wrote about the directory split.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
18
diff
changeset
|
557 change the profile and context files, respectively. |
ab5253e48c74
Wrote about the directory split.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
18
diff
changeset
|
558 Besides providing a more consistent feel (which simply is the result |
ab5253e48c74
Wrote about the directory split.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
18
diff
changeset
|
559 of being designed anew), the set of personal configuration files can |
ab5253e48c74
Wrote about the directory split.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
18
diff
changeset
|
560 be chosen independently from the profile (including mail storage location) |
ab5253e48c74
Wrote about the directory split.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
18
diff
changeset
|
561 and context, now. Being it relevant for practical use or not, it |
ab5253e48c74
Wrote about the directory split.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
18
diff
changeset
|
562 de-facto is an improvement. However, the main achievement is the |
ab5253e48c74
Wrote about the directory split.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
18
diff
changeset
|
563 split between mail storage and personal configuration files. |
17
b3c37947764e
Several minor text improvements.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
16
diff
changeset
|
564 |
0
dc2bfef4cda7
Initial commit: Basic structure, macros and fonts.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
565 |
dc2bfef4cda7
Initial commit: Basic structure, macros and fonts.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
566 .H1 "Path Notations |
dc2bfef4cda7
Initial commit: Basic structure, macros and fonts.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
567 .P |
dc2bfef4cda7
Initial commit: Basic structure, macros and fonts.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
568 foo |
dc2bfef4cda7
Initial commit: Basic structure, macros and fonts.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
569 |
dc2bfef4cda7
Initial commit: Basic structure, macros and fonts.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
570 .H1 "Attachments |
dc2bfef4cda7
Initial commit: Basic structure, macros and fonts.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
571 .P |
dc2bfef4cda7
Initial commit: Basic structure, macros and fonts.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
572 foo |
dc2bfef4cda7
Initial commit: Basic structure, macros and fonts.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
573 |
20
7a100c80fa91
Some new text (show/mhshow; prompter).
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
19
diff
changeset
|
574 .H1 "mhshow to show Transition |
7a100c80fa91
Some new text (show/mhshow; prompter).
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
19
diff
changeset
|
575 .P |
7a100c80fa91
Some new text (show/mhshow; prompter).
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
19
diff
changeset
|
576 Since the very beginning, already in the first concept paper, |
7a100c80fa91
Some new text (show/mhshow; prompter).
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
19
diff
changeset
|
577 .Pn show |
7a100c80fa91
Some new text (show/mhshow; prompter).
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
19
diff
changeset
|
578 had been MH's mail display program. |
7a100c80fa91
Some new text (show/mhshow; prompter).
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
19
diff
changeset
|
579 .Pn show |
7a100c80fa91
Some new text (show/mhshow; prompter).
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
19
diff
changeset
|
580 found out which pathnames the relevant messages had and invoked |
7a100c80fa91
Some new text (show/mhshow; prompter).
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
19
diff
changeset
|
581 .Pn mhl |
7a100c80fa91
Some new text (show/mhshow; prompter).
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
19
diff
changeset
|
582 then to let it render the content. |
7a100c80fa91
Some new text (show/mhshow; prompter).
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
19
diff
changeset
|
583 With the advent of MIME, this approach wasn't sufficient anymore. |
7a100c80fa91
Some new text (show/mhshow; prompter).
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
19
diff
changeset
|
584 MIME messages can consist of multiple parts, some of which aren't |
7a100c80fa91
Some new text (show/mhshow; prompter).
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
19
diff
changeset
|
585 directly displayable, and text content can be encoded in |
7a100c80fa91
Some new text (show/mhshow; prompter).
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
19
diff
changeset
|
586 foreign charsets. |
7a100c80fa91
Some new text (show/mhshow; prompter).
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
19
diff
changeset
|
587 .Pn show 's |
7a100c80fa91
Some new text (show/mhshow; prompter).
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
19
diff
changeset
|
588 simple approach and |
7a100c80fa91
Some new text (show/mhshow; prompter).
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
19
diff
changeset
|
589 .Pn mhl 's |
7a100c80fa91
Some new text (show/mhshow; prompter).
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
19
diff
changeset
|
590 limited display facilities couldn't cope with the task any longer. |
7a100c80fa91
Some new text (show/mhshow; prompter).
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
19
diff
changeset
|
591 Instead of extending these tools, new ones were written from scratch |
51 | 592 and then added to the MH tool chest. Doing so is encouraged by the |
593 tool chest approach. The new tools could be added without interfering | |
20
7a100c80fa91
Some new text (show/mhshow; prompter).
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
19
diff
changeset
|
594 with the existing ones. This is great. It allowed MH to be the |
7a100c80fa91
Some new text (show/mhshow; prompter).
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
19
diff
changeset
|
595 first MUA to implement MIME. |
7a100c80fa91
Some new text (show/mhshow; prompter).
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
19
diff
changeset
|
596 .P |
7a100c80fa91
Some new text (show/mhshow; prompter).
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
19
diff
changeset
|
597 The new MIME features were added in form of the single program |
7a100c80fa91
Some new text (show/mhshow; prompter).
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
19
diff
changeset
|
598 .Pn mhn . |
7a100c80fa91
Some new text (show/mhshow; prompter).
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
19
diff
changeset
|
599 The command |
7a100c80fa91
Some new text (show/mhshow; prompter).
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
19
diff
changeset
|
600 .DS |
7a100c80fa91
Some new text (show/mhshow; prompter).
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
19
diff
changeset
|
601 mhn \-show 42 |
7a100c80fa91
Some new text (show/mhshow; prompter).
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
19
diff
changeset
|
602 .DE |
7a100c80fa91
Some new text (show/mhshow; prompter).
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
19
diff
changeset
|
603 would show the MIME message numbered 42. |
7a100c80fa91
Some new text (show/mhshow; prompter).
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
19
diff
changeset
|
604 With the 1.0 release of nmh in February 1999, Richard Coleman finished |
7a100c80fa91
Some new text (show/mhshow; prompter).
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
19
diff
changeset
|
605 the split of |
7a100c80fa91
Some new text (show/mhshow; prompter).
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
19
diff
changeset
|
606 .Pn mhn |
7a100c80fa91
Some new text (show/mhshow; prompter).
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
19
diff
changeset
|
607 into a set of specialized programs, which together covered the |
7a100c80fa91
Some new text (show/mhshow; prompter).
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
19
diff
changeset
|
608 aspects of MIME. One of these resulting tools was |
7a100c80fa91
Some new text (show/mhshow; prompter).
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
19
diff
changeset
|
609 .Pn mhshow . |
7a100c80fa91
Some new text (show/mhshow; prompter).
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
19
diff
changeset
|
610 |
7a100c80fa91
Some new text (show/mhshow; prompter).
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
19
diff
changeset
|
611 |
0
dc2bfef4cda7
Initial commit: Basic structure, macros and fonts.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
612 .H1 "Blind Carbon Copies |
dc2bfef4cda7
Initial commit: Basic structure, macros and fonts.
markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de>
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613 .P |
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614 foo |
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Initial commit: Basic structure, macros and fonts.
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615 |
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616 .H1 "Good Defaults |
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617 .P |
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618 foo |
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619 |
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620 .H1 "Modularization |
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621 .P |
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622 foo |
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623 |
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624 .H1 "Code style |
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Initial commit: Basic structure, macros and fonts.
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625 .P |
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Initial commit: Basic structure, macros and fonts.
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626 foo |
49 | 627 |
628 | |
629 | |
630 (e.g. the | |
631 user-visible access to whole messages and MIME parts are inherently | |
632 different). | |
633 | |
634 The \fIMH library\fP | |
635 .Fn libmh.a | |
636 collects a bunch of standard functions that many of the MH tools need, | |
637 like reading the profile or context files. | |
638 This doesn't hurt the separation. | |
639 |