Mercurial > docs > master
annotate preface.roff @ 185:6f8adf7d190c
style: Extended the system to handle appendices and fixed the page hdrs.
author | markus schnalke <meillo@marmaro.de> |
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date | Wed, 11 Jul 2012 11:05:22 +0200 |
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1 .H0 "Preface" no |
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23 | 3 .P |
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4 I have discovered the mail client \fInmh\fP in fall 2009. |
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5 At that time I used \fImutt\fP, as many advanced Unix users do. |
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6 When I read about nmh, its concepts convinced me at once. |
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7 The transition from mutt to nmh was similar to beginning with |
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8 file management in the Unix shell when being used to the |
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9 \fImidnight commander\fP, |
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10 or like starting with vi when being used to modeless editors. |
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11 Such a change is not trivial, but, in being convinced by the |
31 | 12 concepts and by having done similar transitions for file management |
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13 and editing already, it was not too difficult. |
51 | 14 In contrast, setting up nmh to a convenient state became a tedious task |
23 | 15 that took several months. |
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16 Once having nmh arranged this way, I enjoyed using it |
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17 because of its conceptional elegance and its scripting capabilities. |
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18 Nevertheless, it was still inconvenient for handling attachments, |
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19 non-ASCII character encodings, and similar features of modern emailing. |
31 | 20 My setup demanded more and more additional configuration and helper scripts |
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21 to have nmh behave the way I wanted; yet my |
31 | 22 expectations were rather common for modern emailing. |
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23 As a computer scientist and programmer, I wanted to improve the situation. |
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24 .P |
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25 In spring 2010, I sent a message to the \fInmh-workers\fP mailing list, |
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26 asking for the possibility to offer a Google Summer of Code project for me. |
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27 Participating in the development of nmh in this manner appeared attractive |
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28 to me, because I would have been able to work full time on nmh. |
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29 Although the nmh community had reacted generally positive to the suggestion, |
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30 the administrative work for such a project would had been too much. |
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31 Nonetheless, my proposal had activated the nmh community. |
31 | 32 In the following weeks, goals for nmh's future were discussed. |
33 In these discussions, I became involved in the | |
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34 question whether nmh should include mail transfer facilities. |
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35 .[ |
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36 nmh-workers thread mta mua |
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37 .] |
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38 I argued for the MTA of nmh to be removed. |
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39 In this fundamental question, |
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40 my opinion differed from the opinion of most others. |
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41 Sadly, besides the discussions, hardly any real work was done. |
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42 Being unable to work on nmh in a way that would be accepted at university |
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43 as part of my studies, I needed to choose another project. |
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44 .P |
23 | 45 Half a year later, starting in August 2010, |
46 I took one semester off to travel through Latin America. | |
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47 During my time in Argentina, I wanted to work on free software. |
23 | 48 This brought me back to nmh. |
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49 Richard Sandelman, an active nmh user, took care of the official basis. |
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50 Juan Granda, an Argentine free software developer, |
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51 provided a computer with Internet connection. |
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52 Thanks to them, I was able to work on nmh during my three-month |
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53 stay in Santiago del Estero, Argentina. |
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54 Quickly it became obvious that I would not succeed with my main goal, |
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55 to improve the character encoding handling. |
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56 (One of its ramifications is the |
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57 missing transfer decoding of quoted text in replies.) |
23 | 58 As this is one of the most intricate parts of the system, the goal |
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59 was simply set too high. |
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60 Instead, I improved the code base as I read through it. |
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61 I found minor bugs for which I proposed fixes. |
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62 Additionally, I improved the documentation in minor ways. |
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63 When I started with larger code changes, |
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64 I had to discover that the community was reluctant to change. |
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65 Its wish for compatibility was much stronger than its |
31 | 66 wish for convenient out-of-the-box setups \(en in contrast to my opinion. |
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67 This, once again, led to long discussions. |
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68 I came to understand their point of view, but it was different to mine. |
23 | 69 At the end of my three-month project, I had become familiar with |
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70 nmh's code base and community, |
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71 I had improved the project in minor ways, |
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72 and I still was convinced that I wanted to continue to do so. |
23 | 73 .P |
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74 Another half year later, the end of my studies came within reach. |
23 | 75 I needed a topic for my master's thesis. |
106
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76 Without question, I wanted to work on nmh. |
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77 But not exactly on nmh, because I had accepted that its |
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78 community has different goals than I have. |
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79 Working on nmh would result in much discussion and, in consequence, |
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80 little progress. |
23 | 81 After careful thought, I decided to start an experimental version of nmh. |
31 | 82 I wanted to implement my own ideas of how an MH-like system should look like. |
83 I wanted to create a usable alternative version to be compared with | |
84 the present state of nmh. | |
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85 Eventually, my work would be proven successful or not. |
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86 In any case, the nmh project would profit from my experiences. |
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87 |
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88 .U2 "Focus of this Document |
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89 .P |
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90 This document explains the design goals and implementation decisions |
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91 for mmh. |
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92 .\" XXX mmh taucht hier zum ersten mal auf. |
31 | 93 It discusses technical, historical, social and philosophical considerations. |
94 On the technical side, this document | |
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95 explains how an existing project was streamlined by removing rough edges |
106
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96 and better exploitation of the central concepts. |
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97 On the historical side, changes through time are discussed, |
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98 regarding the use cases and the email features, |
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99 as well as the reactions to them. |
31 | 100 Socially, this document describes the effects |
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101 and experiences of a newcomer with revolutionary aims entering an old |
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102 and matured software project. |
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103 Philosophical thoughts on style, mainly based on the Unix |
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104 philosophy, are present throughout the discussions. |
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105 The document describes the changes to nmh, |
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106 but as well, it clarifies my personal perception of the |
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107 concepts of MH and Unix, and explain my therefrom resulting point of view. |
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108 .P |
31 | 109 This document is written for the community around MH-like mail systems, |
110 including developers and users. | |
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111 Despite the focus on MH-like systems, this document may be valuable |
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112 to anyone interested in the Unix philosophy and anyone in contact with |
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113 old software projects, be it code- or community-related. |
23 | 114 .P |
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115 The reader is expected to be familiar with Unix, C and emailing. |
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116 Good Unix shell knowledge is required, because MH relies fundamentally |
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117 on the shell. Without the power of the shell, MH becomes a motorcycle |
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118 without winding roads: boring. |
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119 Introductions to Unix and its shell can be found in \fIThe UNIX Programming |
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120 Environment\fP by Kernighan and Pike |
37 | 121 .[ |
122 kernighan pike unix prog env | |
123 .] | |
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124 or \fIThe UNIX System\fP by Bourne. |
37 | 125 .[ |
126 bourne unix system | |
127 .] | |
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128 The reader is assumed to be a C programmer, |
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129 but the document should be understandable otherwise, too. |
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130 The definitive guide to C is Kernighan and Ritchie's |
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131 \fIThe C Programming Language\fP. |
37 | 132 .[ |
133 kernighan ritchie c prog lang | |
134 .] | |
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135 A book about system-level C programming, such as those written by |
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136 Rochkind and Curry, |
37 | 137 .[ |
138 rochkind advanced unix prog | |
139 .] | |
140 .[ | |
141 curry system prog | |
142 .] | |
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143 can be helpful as additional literature. |
106
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144 Old books are likely more helpful for understanding, |
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145 because large parts of the source code are old. |
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146 The reader is expected to know the format of email messages and |
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147 the structure of email transfer systems, at least on a basic level. |
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148 It's advisable to have cross-read the RFCs 821 and 822. |
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149 Furthermore, basic understanding of MIME is good to have. |
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150 The Wikipedia provides good introduction-level information about email. |
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151 .P |
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152 Frequent references to the Unix philosophy will be made. |
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153 Gancarz has tried to sum it up in his book |
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154 \fIThe UNIX Philosophy\fP. |
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155 .[ |
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156 gancarz unix phil |
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157 .] |
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158 Even better, though less concrete, are \fIThe UNIX Programming |
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159 Environment\fP |
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160 .[ |
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161 kernighan pike unix prog env |
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162 .] |
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163 and \fIThe Practice of Programming\fP |
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164 .[ |
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165 kernighan pike practice of prog |
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166 .] |
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167 by Kernighan and Pike. |
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168 The term paper \fIWhy the Unix Philosophy still matters\fP |
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169 .[ |
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170 why unix phil still matters schnalke |
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171 .] |
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172 by myself |
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173 provides an overview on the philosophy, including a case study of MH. |
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174 .P |
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175 Although a brief introduction to MH is provided in Chapter 1, the reader |
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176 is encouraged to have a look at the \fIMH Book\fP |
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177 \fIMH & nmh: Email for Users & Programmers\fP by Jerry Peek. |
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178 .[ |
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179 peek mh |
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180 .] |
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181 The current version is available freely on the Internet. |
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182 It is the definitive guide to MH and nmh. |
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183 .P |
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184 This document is neither a user's tutorial to mmh nor an introduction |
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185 to any of the topics covered. |
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186 The technical discussions are on an advanced level. |
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187 Nevertheless, as knowledge of the fundamental concepts is the most valuable |
51 | 188 information a user can acquire about some program or software system, |
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189 this document may be worth a read for non-developers as well. |
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190 |
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191 |
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192 .U2 "Organization |
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193 .P |
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194 This thesis consists of three chapters. |
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195 Chapter 1 introduces into the topic, describing MH and explaining |
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196 the background and goals of the mmh project. |
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197 Chapter 2 discusses the work done in the project. |
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198 It is organized along the three major goals of the project, namely |
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199 streamlining, modernizing, and styling. |
164
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200 Not every change is described because that would bore the reader. |
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201 Instead, important changes and those standing for a set of similar |
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202 changes are described and discussed. |
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203 Chapter 3 finishes up by summarizing the achivements and taking |
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204 a look into the future of the mmh project. |
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205 .P |
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206 .I "Italic font |
171
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207 is used to emphasize new terms, and to name software projects and |
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208 man pages. |
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209 .CW "Constant width font |
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210 is used to denote names of programs, files, |
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211 functions, command lines, code excrepts, program input and output. |
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212 .P |
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213 References to man pages are printed as ``\c |
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214 .Mp cat (1)''. |
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215 In this case it is a reference to the man page of |
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216 .Pn cat , |
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217 which is in section one of the Unix manual. |
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218 Internet technologies are specified by \fIRequests for Comments\fP (RFCs). |
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219 Throughout the document, they are referenced in this way ``RFC\|822''. |
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220 A list of relevant RFCs is located at the end of the document. |
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221 References to literature are printed in backets, like |
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222 .[ ``[ |
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223 kernighan pike unix programming env |
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224 .]]'', within the text. |
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225 The full references are collected at the end of the document. |
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226 .P |
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227 This document describes practical programming work. |
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228 The code of mmh is managed by the |
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229 .Pn git |
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230 version control system. |
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231 All code changes were checked in. |
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232 In the discussions, references to corresponding code changes are printed |
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233 as ``\c |
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234 .Ci 1a2b3c4 ''. |
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235 The identifier is the seven-letter-prefix of the changeset hash value, |
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236 which is considered unique. |
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237 A change can be looked up in the repository, on the command line with |
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238 .Cl "git show XXX" , |
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239 replacing `\f(CWXXX\fP' with the concrete hash value or any unique prefix. |
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240 In this example: |
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241 .Cl "git show 1a2b3c4" . |
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242 At the time of writing, changesets can be looked up online this way: |
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243 .CW "http://git.marmaro.de/?p=mmh;a=commitdiff;h=XXX" . |
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244 But as we all know, URIs are always at risk to change. |
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245 |
23 | 246 |
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247 .U2 "Acknowledgments |
23 | 248 .P |
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249 To be written at the very end. |
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250 .P |
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251 FIXME |